Environmentally sustainable isotropic gold nanoparticles synthesized using Allium schoenoprasum and their antimicrobial potential

In this study, we successfully synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using an extract derived from Saudi chive. The synthesized AuNPs exhibited isotropic properties, with a consistent size distribution ranging from 12 to 26 nm and an average size of 19 nm, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy revealed a strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band characteristic of isotropic AuNPs, further validating their formation. Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the synthesized nanoparticles, with diffraction peaks corresponding to the face-centered cubic structure of gold. The growth of isotropic AuNPs suggests a homogeneous dispersion of the mold in the aqueous environment, a slower reduction rate of AuCl₄⁻ ions, and the mold's capability to facilitate the internal formation of gold seeds. Remarkably, these AuNPs demonstrated potent bactericidal activity against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, effectively inhibiting its growth. In contrast, the Escherichia coli bacterial strain remained unaffected by the presence of AuNPs.