Research Progress on Preparation and Electrochromic Properties of Tungsten Trioxide-Based Composite Materials

Tungsten trioxide (WO₃) is renowned for its outstanding electrochromic properties, which can precisely regulate transparency under external electric fields, providing an innovative solution to the increasingly severe energy consumption problem. The material, with its excellent chemical stability and multi-functionality, has attracted widespread attention in electrochromic devices, electronic displays, and smart windows, and has achieved remarkable achievements in domestic and international research. This paper reviews the electrochromic mechanism and efficient preparation techniques of tungsten trioxide-based composite materials, particularly emphasizing the effectiveness of strategies such as element doping, composite modification, and morphology control to enhance its electrochromic performance. At the same time, the article also points out the challenges in the preparation and practical application of WO₃ and looks forward to the innovative research and development and application prospects of tungsten trioxide-based multifunctional composite materials in the future.