A Review: Strategies for Weaving Structure and Dimension Designing of Fabric-Based Three Dimensional Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporator

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) technology stands as a core technology for sustainable water treatment, with the development of 3D evaporators breaking through the bottlenecks of traditional 2D structures in evaporation efficiency and functional expansion. Textile fabrics, featuring simple preparation, low cost, high scalability, environmental friendliness, and high specific surface area porous structures, enable the synergistic optimization of photothermal conversion, water transport, and anti-salt performance when integrated into 3D evaporation systems. This review systematically classifies and summarizes fabric-based 3D interfacial evaporators based on three dimensions: photothermal materials (carbon-based, semiconductors, polymers, and metal nanomaterials), weaving methods (woven, knitted, braided, non-woven, and special processing techniques), and structural designs (multilayer fabrics, 3D spatial structures, and bionic structures). It deeply analyzes their impacts on photothermal conversion efficiency, water evaporation rate, and anti-salt deposition capability. The review concludes with an overview of application scenarios and discusses future technical challenges and research prospects for fabric-based solar interfacial evaporators (SIEs).