Telepathology for Consultation in the Military Health System: An Evaluation of Pathologists’ Impressions of Facilitators and Barriers Prior to Implementation

Challenging pathology case consultations require the shipment of irreplaceable patient materials to the consultants’ location for evaluation. In the military, consultants and generalists span geographically diverse locations. Shipped cases risk diagnostic delays, loss, and irreparable damage in transit over extensive distances. Using digital pathology for consultation eliminates these risks. Digital pathology implementation efforts in the Military Health System have been unsuccessful; however, triservice pathologists’ attitudes toward this innovation have never been investigated. Our explanatory mixed-methods study used a web-based needs assessment and interviews to understand pathologists’ facilitators and barriers to using digital pathology for consultation. We believe that understanding their perceptions is critical if further implementation efforts are to be successful. Analyses showed that pathologists were receptive to enterprise-wide implementation, especially if it improved turnaround time and allowed immediate subspecialist feedback. Future implementation efforts may benefit from comprehensive technical support combined with a consolidated digital pathology program office for implementation and sustainment guidance.