老年人营养状况、健康认知和衰老适应的评估:一项路径分析。

IF 1.7
Emre Erkal, Esma Erdem
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:本研究旨在评估老年人的营养状况、感知健康和对衰老的适应,并研究这些变量之间的关系。方法:这项描述性横断面研究包括在土耳其东北部一家公立医院门诊接受治疗的386名老年人。采用社会人口学问卷、标准化迷你精神状态检查、迷你营养评估简表(MNA-SF)、健康感知量表和老年人适应困难评估量表收集数据。统计分析包括独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析、Pearson相关分析和通径分析。结果:MNA-SF平均评分为11.52±1.96;健康知觉平均得分为48.07±5.53分;平均适应困难评分为0.99±0.04。健康感知对老年人适应困难有显著预测作用。MNA-SF评分因年龄、体重指数(BMI)、婚姻状况、居住地和定期用药而有显著差异(p结论:研究结果显示,38.6%的参与者有营养不良的风险,而3.9%的参与者营养不良。虽然参与者的整体健康感知是中等的,但他们对衰老的适应程度普遍较高。更积极的健康观念与更好地适应衰老有关。建议针对高危人群,特别是社会经济地位较低的老年人或居住在农村地区的老年人,制定有针对性的健康和营养计划。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Assessment of Nutritional Status, Health Perception, and Adaptation to Aging in Older Adults: A Path Analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status, perceived health, and adaptation to aging of older adults and to examine the relationships among these variables.

Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 386 older adults receiving care at the outpatient clinics of a public hospital in northeastern Turkey. Data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Standardised Mini-Mental State Examination, the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), the Perception of Health Scale, and the Assessment Scale of Adaptation Difficulty for the Elderly. Statistical analyses included independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and path analysis.

Results: The mean MNA-SF score was 11.52 ± 1.96; the mean health perception score was 48.07 ± 5.53; and the mean adaptation difficulty score was 0.99 ± 0.04. Health perception significantly predicted adaptation difficulty in older adults. MNA-SF scores varied significantly by age, body mass index (BMI), marital status, place of residence, and regular medication use (p < 0.01). Similarly, health perception scores differed significantly based on age, BMI, place of residence, educational level, income status, and the presence of chronic disease (p < 0.05). Adaptation difficulty scores also showed significant variation by age (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The findings revealed that 38.6% of participants were at risk of malnutrition, while 3.9% were malnourished. Although participants' overall health perception was moderate, their adaptation to aging was generally high. A more positive health perception was associated with better adaptation to aging. Targeted health and nutrition programs are recommended for high-risk groups, particularly older adults with lower socioeconomic status or those residing in rural areas.

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