Muhammad Manzoor, Mushtaq Ahmad, Syed Waseem Gillani, Muhammad Abdul Aziz, Andrea Pieroni, Muhammad Waheed, Amir Sohail, Abeer Hashem, Khalid F Almutairi, Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah
{"title":"克什米尔地区植物和蘑菇觅食的变化动态。","authors":"Muhammad Manzoor, Mushtaq Ahmad, Syed Waseem Gillani, Muhammad Abdul Aziz, Andrea Pieroni, Muhammad Waheed, Amir Sohail, Abeer Hashem, Khalid F Almutairi, Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah","doi":"10.1186/s13002-025-00805-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the mountainous region of Kashmir, wild food plants (WFPs) are vital to traditional food systems and security. Ethnic communities possess rich foraging practices; however, current sociocultural and environmental impacts may affect the transmission of local plant knowledge among younger generations. This study explores traditional foraging practices and provides a cross-cultural analysis of five groups: Gujjar, Bakarwal, Lone, Syed, and Mughal. It investigates gender-based knowledge, intergenerational dynamics of local plant knowledge, and WFP knowledge among various age groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from 191 informants through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions from March to September 2024. Factor analysis was conducted to analyse perceived threats to WFPs, and a Venn diagram illustrating WFP consumption patterns across groups was created using OriginPro and R software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 63 species were recorded, including 11 fungal species and 52 WFPs. The analysis revealed diverse consumption patterns, with the Gujjar group consuming the most at 59 species, while the Bakarwal group used only 20. Three distinct wild food plant-based ingredients not previously mentioned in the literature were identified: Lagotis cashmeriana (Bakarwal), Fagopyrum cymosum, and Armillaria mellea (Gujjar). The gender-based knowledge analysis shows that women possess more extensive knowledge about WFPs than men, as they frequently engage in harvesting, consuming, and preparing these plants. Participants aged 18-35 accounted for 21.99% of the knowledge and reported on 19 WFPs, primarily from the Gujjar and Bakarwal groups. Cultural transformation among communities has impacted the core body of knowledge, historically transmitted through storytelling during gatherings and events. However, sociocultural changes have affected social structures, impacting the sharing of traditional plant knowledge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The commodification and mobility of food ingredients have altered local practices, particularly in preparing Dryopteris, Diplazium, Pteridium, and Morchella. Preserving biocultural heritage and promoting sustainable foraging practices can enhance economic growth, food security, and rural development by safeguarding plant knowledge and encouraging commercial cultivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49162,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379522/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The shifting dynamics of plant and mushroom foraging in Kashmir.\",\"authors\":\"Muhammad Manzoor, Mushtaq Ahmad, Syed Waseem Gillani, Muhammad Abdul Aziz, Andrea Pieroni, Muhammad Waheed, Amir Sohail, Abeer Hashem, Khalid F Almutairi, Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s13002-025-00805-0\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the mountainous region of Kashmir, wild food plants (WFPs) are vital to traditional food systems and security. Ethnic communities possess rich foraging practices; however, current sociocultural and environmental impacts may affect the transmission of local plant knowledge among younger generations. This study explores traditional foraging practices and provides a cross-cultural analysis of five groups: Gujjar, Bakarwal, Lone, Syed, and Mughal. It investigates gender-based knowledge, intergenerational dynamics of local plant knowledge, and WFP knowledge among various age groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from 191 informants through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions from March to September 2024. Factor analysis was conducted to analyse perceived threats to WFPs, and a Venn diagram illustrating WFP consumption patterns across groups was created using OriginPro and R software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 63 species were recorded, including 11 fungal species and 52 WFPs. The analysis revealed diverse consumption patterns, with the Gujjar group consuming the most at 59 species, while the Bakarwal group used only 20. Three distinct wild food plant-based ingredients not previously mentioned in the literature were identified: Lagotis cashmeriana (Bakarwal), Fagopyrum cymosum, and Armillaria mellea (Gujjar). The gender-based knowledge analysis shows that women possess more extensive knowledge about WFPs than men, as they frequently engage in harvesting, consuming, and preparing these plants. Participants aged 18-35 accounted for 21.99% of the knowledge and reported on 19 WFPs, primarily from the Gujjar and Bakarwal groups. Cultural transformation among communities has impacted the core body of knowledge, historically transmitted through storytelling during gatherings and events. However, sociocultural changes have affected social structures, impacting the sharing of traditional plant knowledge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The commodification and mobility of food ingredients have altered local practices, particularly in preparing Dryopteris, Diplazium, Pteridium, and Morchella. Preserving biocultural heritage and promoting sustainable foraging practices can enhance economic growth, food security, and rural development by safeguarding plant knowledge and encouraging commercial cultivation.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":49162,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine\",\"volume\":\"21 1\",\"pages\":\"58\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-25\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379522/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-025-00805-0\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-025-00805-0","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION","Score":null,"Total":0}
The shifting dynamics of plant and mushroom foraging in Kashmir.
Background: In the mountainous region of Kashmir, wild food plants (WFPs) are vital to traditional food systems and security. Ethnic communities possess rich foraging practices; however, current sociocultural and environmental impacts may affect the transmission of local plant knowledge among younger generations. This study explores traditional foraging practices and provides a cross-cultural analysis of five groups: Gujjar, Bakarwal, Lone, Syed, and Mughal. It investigates gender-based knowledge, intergenerational dynamics of local plant knowledge, and WFP knowledge among various age groups.
Methods: Data were collected from 191 informants through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions from March to September 2024. Factor analysis was conducted to analyse perceived threats to WFPs, and a Venn diagram illustrating WFP consumption patterns across groups was created using OriginPro and R software.
Results: A total of 63 species were recorded, including 11 fungal species and 52 WFPs. The analysis revealed diverse consumption patterns, with the Gujjar group consuming the most at 59 species, while the Bakarwal group used only 20. Three distinct wild food plant-based ingredients not previously mentioned in the literature were identified: Lagotis cashmeriana (Bakarwal), Fagopyrum cymosum, and Armillaria mellea (Gujjar). The gender-based knowledge analysis shows that women possess more extensive knowledge about WFPs than men, as they frequently engage in harvesting, consuming, and preparing these plants. Participants aged 18-35 accounted for 21.99% of the knowledge and reported on 19 WFPs, primarily from the Gujjar and Bakarwal groups. Cultural transformation among communities has impacted the core body of knowledge, historically transmitted through storytelling during gatherings and events. However, sociocultural changes have affected social structures, impacting the sharing of traditional plant knowledge.
Conclusion: The commodification and mobility of food ingredients have altered local practices, particularly in preparing Dryopteris, Diplazium, Pteridium, and Morchella. Preserving biocultural heritage and promoting sustainable foraging practices can enhance economic growth, food security, and rural development by safeguarding plant knowledge and encouraging commercial cultivation.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine publishes original research focusing on cultural perceptions of nature and of human and animal health. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine invites research articles, reviews and commentaries concerning the investigations of the inextricable links between human societies and nature, food, and health. Specifically, the journal covers the following topics: ethnobotany, ethnomycology, ethnozoology, ethnoecology (including ethnopedology), ethnogastronomy, ethnomedicine, ethnoveterinary, as well as all related areas in environmental, nutritional, and medical anthropology.
Research focusing on the implications that the inclusion of humanistic, cultural, and social dimensions have in understanding the biological word is also welcome, as well as its potential projections in public health-centred, nutritional, and environmental policies.