{"title":"土耳其老年人平衡恢复信心量表的文化适应和心理计量学验证。","authors":"Abdulkadir Dağbaşi, Serdar Arslan, Gökmen Yapali","doi":"10.1080/09593985.2025.2552292","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Falls cause significant morbidity/mortality in older adults. Current scales assess fear of falling and proactive balance confidence but neglect confidence in reactive balance recovery (regaining stability after perturbations). The Balance Recovery Confidence Scale (BRCS) fills this gap, requiring cultural adaptation for Turkish populations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the BRCS in community-dwelling Turkish older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following Beaton's guidelines, BRCS underwent forward-backward translation, expert review (<i>n</i> = 10), and pilot testing (<i>n</i> = 30). Psychometric validation included 76 adults ≥65 years. Content validity used Content Validity Index (CVI) and Ratio (CVR). Construct validity employed Exploratory/Confirmatory Factor Analysis (EFA/CFA). Reliability was assessed via Cronbach's α and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC₃,₁; 7-day retest). Convergent validity examined Spearman correlations between Turkish BRCS and Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), Tinetti Balance & Gait Test (TBT&TGT), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), 30-Second Chair Stand Test (30s-CST), and Handgrip Strength Test (HGST).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Content validity was excellent (mean CVI = 0.92, CVR = 0.70-1.00). EFA/CFA confirmed a one-factor structure with excellent fit (CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.045). Internal consistency (α = 0.94) and test-retest reliability (ICC₃,₁ = 0.94) were excellent. Turkish BRCS correlated strongly negatively with FES-I (-0.68), strongly positively with ABC (0.74), and moderately with physical performance tests (all <i>p</i> < .05). Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) = 6.91; Minimal Detectable Change at the 95% confidence level (MDC₉₅) = 19.16.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Turkish BRCS is a valid, reliable tool for assessing reactive balance recovery confidence in older adults, suitable for clinical and research applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48699,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Balance Recovery Confidence Scale in older Turkish adults.\",\"authors\":\"Abdulkadir Dağbaşi, Serdar Arslan, Gökmen Yapali\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/09593985.2025.2552292\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Falls cause significant morbidity/mortality in older adults. Current scales assess fear of falling and proactive balance confidence but neglect confidence in reactive balance recovery (regaining stability after perturbations). The Balance Recovery Confidence Scale (BRCS) fills this gap, requiring cultural adaptation for Turkish populations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the BRCS in community-dwelling Turkish older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following Beaton's guidelines, BRCS underwent forward-backward translation, expert review (<i>n</i> = 10), and pilot testing (<i>n</i> = 30). Psychometric validation included 76 adults ≥65 years. Content validity used Content Validity Index (CVI) and Ratio (CVR). Construct validity employed Exploratory/Confirmatory Factor Analysis (EFA/CFA). Reliability was assessed via Cronbach's α and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC₃,₁; 7-day retest). Convergent validity examined Spearman correlations between Turkish BRCS and Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), Tinetti Balance & Gait Test (TBT&TGT), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), 30-Second Chair Stand Test (30s-CST), and Handgrip Strength Test (HGST).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Content validity was excellent (mean CVI = 0.92, CVR = 0.70-1.00). EFA/CFA confirmed a one-factor structure with excellent fit (CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.045). Internal consistency (α = 0.94) and test-retest reliability (ICC₃,₁ = 0.94) were excellent. Turkish BRCS correlated strongly negatively with FES-I (-0.68), strongly positively with ABC (0.74), and moderately with physical performance tests (all <i>p</i> < .05). Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) = 6.91; Minimal Detectable Change at the 95% confidence level (MDC₉₅) = 19.16.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Turkish BRCS is a valid, reliable tool for assessing reactive balance recovery confidence in older adults, suitable for clinical and research applications.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":48699,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"1-10\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-29\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2025.2552292\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"REHABILITATION\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2025.2552292","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"REHABILITATION","Score":null,"Total":0}
Cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Balance Recovery Confidence Scale in older Turkish adults.
Background: Falls cause significant morbidity/mortality in older adults. Current scales assess fear of falling and proactive balance confidence but neglect confidence in reactive balance recovery (regaining stability after perturbations). The Balance Recovery Confidence Scale (BRCS) fills this gap, requiring cultural adaptation for Turkish populations.
Objective: To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the BRCS in community-dwelling Turkish older adults.
Methods: Following Beaton's guidelines, BRCS underwent forward-backward translation, expert review (n = 10), and pilot testing (n = 30). Psychometric validation included 76 adults ≥65 years. Content validity used Content Validity Index (CVI) and Ratio (CVR). Construct validity employed Exploratory/Confirmatory Factor Analysis (EFA/CFA). Reliability was assessed via Cronbach's α and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC₃,₁; 7-day retest). Convergent validity examined Spearman correlations between Turkish BRCS and Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), Tinetti Balance & Gait Test (TBT&TGT), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), 30-Second Chair Stand Test (30s-CST), and Handgrip Strength Test (HGST).
Results: Content validity was excellent (mean CVI = 0.92, CVR = 0.70-1.00). EFA/CFA confirmed a one-factor structure with excellent fit (CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.045). Internal consistency (α = 0.94) and test-retest reliability (ICC₃,₁ = 0.94) were excellent. Turkish BRCS correlated strongly negatively with FES-I (-0.68), strongly positively with ABC (0.74), and moderately with physical performance tests (all p < .05). Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) = 6.91; Minimal Detectable Change at the 95% confidence level (MDC₉₅) = 19.16.
Conclusion: The Turkish BRCS is a valid, reliable tool for assessing reactive balance recovery confidence in older adults, suitable for clinical and research applications.
期刊介绍：
The aim of Physiotherapy Theory and Practice is to provide an international, peer-reviewed forum for the publication, dissemination, and discussion of recent developments and current research in physiotherapy/physical therapy. The journal accepts original quantitative and qualitative research reports, theoretical papers, systematic literature reviews, clinical case reports, and technical clinical notes. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice; promotes post-basic education through reports, reviews, and updates on all aspects of physiotherapy and specialties relating to clinical physiotherapy.
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