Ikenna Obasi Odii, Hathaichanok Phaowiriya, Shayla B Brooks, Nicholas K Wright, Andres Azuero, Pariya L Fazeli, Junghee Lee, Crystal Chapman Lambert, Dara L James, Emma Sophia Kay, David Eugene Vance
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The Executive Dysfunction Hypothesis suggests improving executive functioning could reduce cognitive IIV.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>In the parent on-going pilot RCT (called the Executive Functioning Training (EFT) Study), 120 PLWH are randomized to either a no-contact control group or an executive functioning training group which receives 20 hours of computerized exercises. To characterize this study, this article describes an interim descriptive case analysis (<i>N</i>=4) that was conducted with the first two participants who completed training (<i>n</i>=2) and compared to demographically-matched control (<i>n</i>=2) participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using the Connor's Continuous Performance Test 3<sup>rd</sup> Edition, results showed improvements in reaction time (<i>Hit RT, by -24.5 points</i>) and cognitive IIV (<i>HRT SD</i>, <i>Variability, by -16 points</i>) in the training group compared to the no-contact control group. In other words, the training appeared to reduce cognitive IIV.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This finding suggests that by improving executive functioning through executive functioning training, this may stabilize cognitive functioning in general, as indicated by reduced cognitive IIV. Although preliminary, these encouraging results support the Executive Dysfunction Hypothesis and suggests further exploration of cognitive IIV may provide insights on how to improve cognition in aging PLWH. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景与目的：认知个体内变异（IIV）是指在认知表现中观察到的波动。这篇文章的目的是描述和说明一种方法来管理执行功能培训艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH），以减少他们的认知能力。这篇简短的报告重点介绍了正在进行的研究艾滋病毒认知iv的四个病例。在HIV中，认知iv与认知能力下降、皮质萎缩和死亡风险相关。执行功能障碍假说认为，改善执行功能可以降低认知能力。研究设计：在父母正在进行的试点随机对照试验（称为执行功能训练（EFT）研究）中，120名PLWH被随机分为无接触对照组和执行功能训练组，接受20小时的电脑练习。为了描述这项研究的特点，本文描述了一项临时描述性案例分析（N=4），该分析是对前两名完成培训的参与者（N= 2）进行的，并与人口统计学匹配的对照组（N= 2）参与者进行了比较。结果：使用Connor’s Continuous Performance Test 3rd Edition，结果显示，与无接触对照组相比，训练组的反应时间（Hit RT，提高了-24.5分）和认知能力（HRT SD，变异性，提高了-16分）有所改善。换句话说，训练似乎降低了认知能力。结论：这一发现表明，通过执行功能训练来改善执行功能，这可能会在总体上稳定认知功能，正如认知IIV降低所表明的那样。虽然是初步的，但这些令人鼓舞的结果支持了执行功能障碍假说，并表明进一步探索认知IIV可能为如何改善老年PLWH的认知提供见解。对神经科学护理的启示提供。
A Brief Report of an Executive Functioning Training Pilot RCT in Adults with HIV: A Descriptive Case Comparison Study.
Background and purpose: Cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) refers to the fluctuations observed in cognitive performance. The aim of this article was to characterize and describe for illustrative purposes an approach to administer executive functioning training to people living with HIV (PLWH) to reduce their cognitive IIV. This brief report highlights four cases in an on-going study investigating cognitive IIV in HIV. In HIV, cognitive IIV has been associated with cognitive decline, cortical atrophy, and mortality risk. The Executive Dysfunction Hypothesis suggests improving executive functioning could reduce cognitive IIV.
Study design: In the parent on-going pilot RCT (called the Executive Functioning Training (EFT) Study), 120 PLWH are randomized to either a no-contact control group or an executive functioning training group which receives 20 hours of computerized exercises. To characterize this study, this article describes an interim descriptive case analysis (N=4) that was conducted with the first two participants who completed training (n=2) and compared to demographically-matched control (n=2) participants.
Results: Using the Connor's Continuous Performance Test 3rd Edition, results showed improvements in reaction time (Hit RT, by -24.5 points) and cognitive IIV (HRT SD, Variability, by -16 points) in the training group compared to the no-contact control group. In other words, the training appeared to reduce cognitive IIV.
Conclusion: This finding suggests that by improving executive functioning through executive functioning training, this may stabilize cognitive functioning in general, as indicated by reduced cognitive IIV. Although preliminary, these encouraging results support the Executive Dysfunction Hypothesis and suggests further exploration of cognitive IIV may provide insights on how to improve cognition in aging PLWH. Implications for neuroscience nursing are provided.
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