[Preoperative Incidence of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Its Risk Factors in Older Patients with Hip Fracture].

Purpose of the study: Hip fractures in the elderly are commonly complicated by deep venous thrombosis (DVT), particularly in the preoperative phase. This retrospective study aimed to determine the preoperative incidence of DVT and identify its risk factors in older patients with hip fractures.

Material and methods: This single-center retrospective study enrolled 278 patients (aged ≥ 60 years) with unilateral hip fracture, who underwent color Doppler ultrasonography of the lower extremity veins on the day of surgery at the Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2020. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and surgical history were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for preoperative DVT.

Results: The incidence of DVT was 15.5%, including peripheral venous thrombosis at 18.6% and central venous thrombosis at 5.4%. Univariate analysis showed no significant differences in gender, age, and type of fracture. However, delayed admission, longer time from admission to surgery, and atrial fibrillation were significant risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified delayed admission (OR = 2.597, 95% CI 1.275-5.290, P = .009), prolonged time from admission to surgery (OR = 1.166, 95% CI 1.034-1.314, P = .012), and atrial fibrillation (OR = 2.848, 95% CI 1.115-7.275, P = .029) as significant independent risk factors for DVT.

Conclusions: Early admission and prompt surgery of elderly patients with hip fractures are critical to prevent the occurrence of DVT. Atrial fibrillation remains a significant risk factor that requires close attention. Prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings and optimize prophylactic strategies.