IRS-Assisted Communication in 3D Stochastic Geometry Utilizing Large Antenna Transmitters With Hardware Impairments

This paper presents a novel 3D geometry-based stochastic channel model for intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted wireless communication, where a cylindrical array-based large antenna transmitter (LAT) is employed. Unlike conventional planar array models, the proposed configuration captures the spatial characteristics of both azimuth and elevation domains, enabling enhanced beamforming and coverage flexibility. The system model incorporates the physical positions of each antenna element and their contributions to the overall channel response, including propagation delays, Doppler shifts, and phase variations. Furthermore, hardware impairments at the LAT and IRS are integrated into the channel formulation to assess their impact on spectral efficiency (SE). A compact channel coefficient expression is derived based on the cylindrical geometry and used to evaluate the SE under ideal and non-ideal conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CA-based LAT-IRS system achieves significant performance gains over conventional planar configurations, especially in dense environments and under realistic hardware constraints.