海洋表面波对全球大气-海洋CO \({}_2\)通量的影响

IF 3.7 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Biogeochemistry Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI:10.1007/s10533-025-01267-y

Lichuan Wu, Yongqing Cai, Anna Rutgersson

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引用次数: 0

摘要

海面重力波主要通过两种方式促进气体交换：(1)破波过程中气泡的形成增加了气体交换可用的表面积，促进了CO \(_2\)的转移；(2)波流相互作用过程改变了CO \(_2\)的海面分压和气体溶解度，从而影响CO \(_2\)通量。本研究利用工业化前条件下的全球海洋-冰-生物地球化学模型测试了这些影响。模拟结果表明，波流相互作用过程和海况相关的气体传输方案（明确解释了气泡介导的气体传输速度）都影响海气CO \(_2\)通量，且存在明显的空间和季节变化。在赤道地区（10 \(^{\circ }\) S-10 \(^{\circ }\) N），这两个过程都增强了CO \(_2\)脱气通量，其量级相当(大于10% on average). However, in the region between approximately 10\(^{\circ }\) and 35\(^{\circ }\), the impact of ocean surface waves on the air-sea CO\(_2\) flux via the sea-state-dependent gas transfer velocity is greater than that of the wave-current interaction processes, with opposing directions of influence. During winter, the sea-state-dependent gas transfer velocity enhances the CO\(_2\) uptake flux, while in the summer season, it increases the CO\(_2\) outgassing flux. In regions poleward of 35\(^{\circ }\), the impact of wave–current interaction processes on CO\(_2\) exchange dominates over that of the sea-state-dependent gas transfer velocity. It is worth noting that the impact of wave-current interaction processes on air-sea CO\(_2\) flux is primarily driven by changes in the ratio between the concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity, with variations in sea surface temperature exerting an opposite influence on pCO\(_2\), albeit with a smaller magnitude. Overall, wave-related processes should be considered in Earth System Models to better model the carbon cycle.

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Ocean surface waves impact on global air-sea CO\({}_2\) flux

Ocean surface gravity waves facilitate gas exchanges primarily in two ways: (1) the formation of bubbles during wave breaking increases the surface area available for gas exchange, promoting CO\(_2\) transfer, and (2) wave-current interaction processes alter the sea surface partial pressure of CO\(_2\) and gas solubility, consequently affecting the CO\(_2\) flux. This study tests these influences using a global ocean-ice-biogeochemistry model under preindustrial conditions. The simulation results indicate that both wave–current interaction processes and the sea-state-dependent gas transfer scheme–which explicitly accounts for bubble-mediated gas transfer velocity–influence the air–sea CO\(_2\) flux, with substantial spatial and seasonal variations. In the equatorial region (10\(^{\circ }\)S–10\(^{\circ }\)N), both processes enhance the CO\(_2\) outgassing flux, with comparable magnitudes (more than 10% on average). However, in the region between approximately 10\(^{\circ }\) and 35\(^{\circ }\), the impact of ocean surface waves on the air-sea CO\(_2\) flux via the sea-state-dependent gas transfer velocity is greater than that of the wave-current interaction processes, with opposing directions of influence. During winter, the sea-state-dependent gas transfer velocity enhances the CO\(_2\) uptake flux, while in the summer season, it increases the CO\(_2\) outgassing flux. In regions poleward of 35\(^{\circ }\), the impact of wave–current interaction processes on CO\(_2\) exchange dominates over that of the sea-state-dependent gas transfer velocity. It is worth noting that the impact of wave-current interaction processes on air-sea CO\(_2\) flux is primarily driven by changes in the ratio between the concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity, with variations in sea surface temperature exerting an opposite influence on pCO\(_2\), albeit with a smaller magnitude. Overall, wave-related processes should be considered in Earth System Models to better model the carbon cycle.

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来源期刊

Biogeochemistry 环境科学-地球科学综合

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

5.00%

发文量

112

审稿时长

3.2 months

期刊介绍： Biogeochemistry publishes original and synthetic papers dealing with biotic controls on the chemistry of the environment, or with the geochemical control of the structure and function of ecosystems. Cycles are considered, either of individual elements or of specific classes of natural or anthropogenic compounds in ecosystems. Particular emphasis is given to coupled interactions of element cycles. The journal spans from the molecular to global scales to elucidate the mechanisms driving patterns in biogeochemical cycles through space and time. Studies on both natural and artificial ecosystems are published when they contribute to a general understanding of biogeochemistry.