A comprehensive overview of the composition, isolation, purification, and biological activities of abalone polysaccharides

Abalone polysaccharides are a type of polysaccharide substance extracted from abalones, mostly from their internal organs, which possess various biological activities. They are mainly composed of multiple monosaccharides such as mannose, glucose, galactose, fucose, and uronic acids. Some abalone polysaccharides also have sulfate groups. Since the 21st century, with the advancement of the marine industry, research on marine polysaccharides, particularly those derived from aquatic animals, has progressed rapidly. As one of the critical marine animal-derived polysaccharides, abalone polysaccharides have made significant progress in the extraction, preparation, and purification processes, and have demonstrated various biological activities in both in vivo and in vitro experiments, including antioxidation, anti-tumor, anticoagulation, antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. These bioactive properties suggest that abalone polysaccharides have broad prospects in the research and development of functional products and pharmaceuticals. Based on current research results, this review discusses the types, composition, preparation, separation, purification, and biological activities of abalone polysaccharides, aiming to provide references for future research.