Preserving the tribal identity: A policy imperative for indigenous well-being and conservation of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in South India

Purpose

This short communication explores how identity erosion among Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, India, impacts their wellness and ecological stewardship. It aims to highlight culturally specific disruptions across generations and recommend policy responses that are identity-affirming and context-sensitive.

Methods

This exploratory qualitative study used an epistemological approach to understand tribal perceptions through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with elders and youth from select members of the PVTGs in the Nilgiris. A semi-structured interview guide covering six wellness domains was developed through deductive and inductive methods. Data were collected over four months, transcribed, translated, and thematically analyzed using manual coding. Institutional ethical clearance was obtained, and informed consent was secured from all participants and community leaders.

Results

The study found that well-intentioned mainstream developmental interventions, such as non-contextual education and biomedical health models, have disrupted cultural transmission, resulting in identity erosion and loss of sacred landscapes. Many participants expressed concern over mental health issues, substance use, climate vulnerability, and inadequate community representation in governance. Mobile technologies and media consumption have contributed to cultural disorientation among tribal youth.

Conclusion

Preserving tribal identity is essential to ensuring community wellness and conserving the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Policy efforts must shift from generalized welfare to culturally grounded, participatory frameworks that integrate traditional knowledge systems and support Indigenous autonomy.