Enhanced flexoelectricity of barium titanate ceramics by air plasma surface modification

The electromechanical coupling properties of perovskite-based ceramics, particularly their flexoelectric behavior, hold great potential for applications in sensing and actuation. In this study, we focus on improving the flexoelectric properties of these materials through interface regulation. Where the surface is modified using dielectric barrier discharge technology. The plasma-induced physical and chemical reaction introduces hydroxyl groups on the surface, enhancing the directional polarization ability of the BaTiO₃ crystals and ultimately improving its electrical properties. The results indicate that a 2-mins plasma modification is the most effective in enhancing the flexoelectric properties of BaTiO3. The dielectric constant at high temperatures increases by approximately 23%, and the flexoelectric coefficient at room temperature increases by about 480%. This study introduces a new approach for improving flexoelectric properties and opens up possibilities for more efficient industrial production in the future.