辐射加热下B4C粉末与球团基/304不锈钢复合材料控制棒共晶熔体的表征与可视化

IF 3.2 2区工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Nuclear Materials Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2025.156120

Zeeshan Ahmed , Ravinder Kumar , Avadhesh Kumar Sharma , Ruicong Xu , Ryo Yokoyama , Walter Villanueva , Hidemasa Yamano , Marco Pellegrini , Koji Okamoto

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引用次数: 0

摘要

钠冷快堆（第四代）的发展面临着管理由碳化硼（B4C）和不锈钢（SS）共晶反应引起的堆芯破坏事故（CDAs）的关键挑战。这种反应会导致更早的熔化，可能会形成含有硼的熔池，破坏中子平衡，导致不稳定。因此，确定共晶凝固池中硼的浓度和分布是至关重要的。本研究模拟控制棒设计，比较了SS空心包覆层中B4C粉末和颗粒形式的行为，以确认硼在共晶成分中的存在，并表征其凝固时的相。辐射加热、高分辨率可视化和定量技术在1372°C的温度下被采用。结果表明，球团的共晶温度高于粉末，球团在破坏过程中表现为破碎，粉末表现为烧结。两种情况下SS包层均形成熔体；然而，在颗粒情况下，它脱落了，而在粉末情况下，它破裂了。可视化方法精确地确定了共晶熔化的开始和相关的温度，不同于颗粒和粉末。通过x射线衍射（XRD）、x射线光电子能谱（XPS）、扫描电子能谱（SEM-EDS）和硬度测试等表征技术，证实了硼的存在，并在共晶熔体中发现了B0.9Cr0.9Fe1.1、（Cr,Fe）2B、γ-Fe、（Cr,Fe）23(B，C)6和（Cr,Fe）5B3等硼化物相。SEM和XPS分析表明，硼和碳在共晶熔体中扩散和沉淀，为其行为和重定位动力学提供了新的见解。

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Characterization and visualization of eutectic melt in B4C powder and pellet-based/304 stainless steel composite control rods under radiative heating

The advancement of Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors (Generation IV) faces a key challenge in managing Core Disruptive Accidents (CDAs) caused by eutectic reactions between boron carbide (B₄C) and stainless steel (SS). This reaction causes earlier melting, potentially forming a molten pool containing boron, disrupting neutron balance and causing instability. Therefore, determining boron concentration and distribution in the solidified eutectic pool is critical. This study compares the behavior of B₄C in powder and pellet forms within SS hollow claddings, mimicking control rod designs, to confirm the presence of boron in the eutectic composition and characterize its phases upon solidification. Radiative heating, high-resolution visualization, and quantitative techniques were employed over a temperature of 1372 °C. Findings reveal that the eutectic temperature for pellets exceeds that for powder, with pellets showing fragmentation and powder exhibiting sintering during the failure process. SS cladding formed a melt in both cases; however, in the pellet case, it peeled off, while in the powder case, it ruptured. Visualization methods precisely identified the onset of eutectic melting and associated temperatures, differing between pellets and powder. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and hardness testing, confirmed boron ingress and revealed boride phases such as B_0.9Cr_0.9Fe_1.1, (Cr,Fe)₂B, γ-Fe, (Cr,Fe)₂₃(B,C)₆, and (Cr,Fe)₅B₃ in the eutectic melt. SEM and XPS analyses reveal that both boron and carbon diffuse and precipitate within the eutectic melt, providing new insights into its behavior and relocation dynamics.

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来源期刊

Journal of Nuclear Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

25.80%

发文量

601

审稿时长

63 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Nuclear Materials publishes high quality papers in materials research for nuclear applications, primarily fission reactors, fusion reactors, and similar environments including radiation areas of charged particle accelerators. Both original research and critical review papers covering experimental, theoretical, and computational aspects of either fundamental or applied nature are welcome. The breadth of the field is such that a wide range of processes and properties in the field of materials science and engineering is of interest to the readership, spanning atom-scale processes, microstructures, thermodynamics, mechanical properties, physical properties, and corrosion, for example. Topics covered by JNM Fission reactor materials, including fuels, cladding, core structures, pressure vessels, coolant interactions with materials, moderator and control components, fission product behavior. Materials aspects of the entire fuel cycle. Materials aspects of the actinides and their compounds. Performance of nuclear waste materials; materials aspects of the immobilization of wastes. Fusion reactor materials, including first walls, blankets, insulators and magnets. Neutron and charged particle radiation effects in materials, including defects, transmutations, microstructures, phase changes and macroscopic properties. Interaction of plasmas, ion beams, electron beams and electromagnetic radiation with materials relevant to nuclear systems.