{"title":"探索利益相关者参与湿地管理和保护的意愿:伊朗西部Zeribar城郊湿地的条件评估研究","authors":"Leila Pishdad , Hamed Ghaderzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127057","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wetland conservation efforts rely heavily on stakeholders’ active engagement and support, particularly in cases where wetlands are situated near urban and rural communities. This study aimed to explore the dynamics of stakeholder participation willingness in wetland conservation, focusing on the Zeribar peri-urban wetland in western Iran. A total of 406 individuals were randomly chosen to take part in a face-to-face questionnaire-based survey, achieving a response rate of 94.1 %. A significant majority (80 %) of the respondents believed that the Zeribar wetland faces different threats including severe pollution. However, there is considerable skepticism regarding community involvement in conservation efforts, with only 24 % agreeing that local communities are actively engaged, while 62 % disagreed or strongly disagreed. A key aspect of the study involves the contingent valuation analysis, which explores stakeholders’ willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for wetland conservation efforts. The results showed that offering compensation of about 264.6 × 10<sup>6</sup> IRR (Iranian rials) per year could effectively encourage households to participate in wetland management and conservation projects. This WTA preference value significantly vary across stakeholder groups, including rural (RC) and urban communities (UC), government agencies (GA), private sector actors (PA), and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Based on the WTA compensation format analysis, the UC group predominantly preferred cash payments, accounting for 51 % of WTA values, whereas groups such as RC, GA, NGOs, and PA, who appreciated the wetland for its role in environmental protection and enhancement of ecosystem services, showed lower preferences for cash. Technological training was notably favored by GA (45 %) and PA (28 %) groups, with urban communities and NGOs also indicating interest in this form of compensation. Tobit regression analysis showed that males and older respondents were significantly less willing to accept compensation, as indicated by negative coefficients for gender (<em>β</em> = −3.52) and age (<em>β</em> = −2.32). Conversely, each additional educational level (<em>β</em> = +5.32), higher household income (<em>β</em> = +4.32), longer duration of residency (<em>β</em> = +4.58), and larger agricultural land area (<em>β</em> = +5.87) exerted positive influences on WTA, demonstrating their influencing roles in valuing conservation and management programs. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights for policymakers and conservation practitioners aiming to promote sustainable conservation practices in the Zeribar wetland ecosystem as well as in other urban wetlands across the country.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 127057"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Exploring stakeholders’ willingness to engage in wetland management and conservation: A contingent valuation study of the Zeribar peri-urban wetland in western Iran\",\"authors\":\"Leila Pishdad , Hamed Ghaderzadeh\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127057\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Wetland conservation efforts rely heavily on stakeholders’ active engagement and support, particularly in cases where wetlands are situated near urban and rural communities. This study aimed to explore the dynamics of stakeholder participation willingness in wetland conservation, focusing on the Zeribar peri-urban wetland in western Iran. A total of 406 individuals were randomly chosen to take part in a face-to-face questionnaire-based survey, achieving a response rate of 94.1 %. A significant majority (80 %) of the respondents believed that the Zeribar wetland faces different threats including severe pollution. However, there is considerable skepticism regarding community involvement in conservation efforts, with only 24 % agreeing that local communities are actively engaged, while 62 % disagreed or strongly disagreed. A key aspect of the study involves the contingent valuation analysis, which explores stakeholders’ willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for wetland conservation efforts. The results showed that offering compensation of about 264.6 × 10<sup>6</sup> IRR (Iranian rials) per year could effectively encourage households to participate in wetland management and conservation projects. This WTA preference value significantly vary across stakeholder groups, including rural (RC) and urban communities (UC), government agencies (GA), private sector actors (PA), and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Based on the WTA compensation format analysis, the UC group predominantly preferred cash payments, accounting for 51 % of WTA values, whereas groups such as RC, GA, NGOs, and PA, who appreciated the wetland for its role in environmental protection and enhancement of ecosystem services, showed lower preferences for cash. Technological training was notably favored by GA (45 %) and PA (28 %) groups, with urban communities and NGOs also indicating interest in this form of compensation. Tobit regression analysis showed that males and older respondents were significantly less willing to accept compensation, as indicated by negative coefficients for gender (<em>β</em> = −3.52) and age (<em>β</em> = −2.32). Conversely, each additional educational level (<em>β</em> = +5.32), higher household income (<em>β</em> = +4.32), longer duration of residency (<em>β</em> = +4.58), and larger agricultural land area (<em>β</em> = +5.87) exerted positive influences on WTA, demonstrating their influencing roles in valuing conservation and management programs. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights for policymakers and conservation practitioners aiming to promote sustainable conservation practices in the Zeribar wetland ecosystem as well as in other urban wetlands across the country.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":54898,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal for Nature Conservation\",\"volume\":\"88 \",\"pages\":\"Article 127057\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-19\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal for Nature Conservation\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1617138125002341\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal for Nature Conservation","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1617138125002341","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION","Score":null,"Total":0}
Exploring stakeholders’ willingness to engage in wetland management and conservation: A contingent valuation study of the Zeribar peri-urban wetland in western Iran
Wetland conservation efforts rely heavily on stakeholders’ active engagement and support, particularly in cases where wetlands are situated near urban and rural communities. This study aimed to explore the dynamics of stakeholder participation willingness in wetland conservation, focusing on the Zeribar peri-urban wetland in western Iran. A total of 406 individuals were randomly chosen to take part in a face-to-face questionnaire-based survey, achieving a response rate of 94.1 %. A significant majority (80 %) of the respondents believed that the Zeribar wetland faces different threats including severe pollution. However, there is considerable skepticism regarding community involvement in conservation efforts, with only 24 % agreeing that local communities are actively engaged, while 62 % disagreed or strongly disagreed. A key aspect of the study involves the contingent valuation analysis, which explores stakeholders’ willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for wetland conservation efforts. The results showed that offering compensation of about 264.6 × 106 IRR (Iranian rials) per year could effectively encourage households to participate in wetland management and conservation projects. This WTA preference value significantly vary across stakeholder groups, including rural (RC) and urban communities (UC), government agencies (GA), private sector actors (PA), and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Based on the WTA compensation format analysis, the UC group predominantly preferred cash payments, accounting for 51 % of WTA values, whereas groups such as RC, GA, NGOs, and PA, who appreciated the wetland for its role in environmental protection and enhancement of ecosystem services, showed lower preferences for cash. Technological training was notably favored by GA (45 %) and PA (28 %) groups, with urban communities and NGOs also indicating interest in this form of compensation. Tobit regression analysis showed that males and older respondents were significantly less willing to accept compensation, as indicated by negative coefficients for gender (β = −3.52) and age (β = −2.32). Conversely, each additional educational level (β = +5.32), higher household income (β = +4.32), longer duration of residency (β = +4.58), and larger agricultural land area (β = +5.87) exerted positive influences on WTA, demonstrating their influencing roles in valuing conservation and management programs. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights for policymakers and conservation practitioners aiming to promote sustainable conservation practices in the Zeribar wetland ecosystem as well as in other urban wetlands across the country.
期刊介绍:
The Journal for Nature Conservation addresses concepts, methods and techniques for nature conservation. This international and interdisciplinary journal encourages collaboration between scientists and practitioners, including the integration of biodiversity issues with social and economic concepts. Therefore, conceptual, technical and methodological papers, as well as reviews, research papers, and short communications are welcomed from a wide range of disciplines, including theoretical ecology, landscape ecology, restoration ecology, ecological modelling, and others, provided that there is a clear connection and immediate relevance to nature conservation.
Manuscripts without any immediate conservation context, such as inventories, distribution modelling, genetic studies, animal behaviour, plant physiology, will not be considered for this journal; though such data may be useful for conservationists and managers in the future, this is outside of the current scope of the journal.