在高密度交通中，无意识的走神比有意的走神更能预测驾驶表现

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI:10.1016/j.trf.2025.103341

Heather E.K. Walker, Lana M. Trick

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引用次数: 0

摘要

当注意力被任务外的想法从主要任务转移时，就会发生走神。当主要任务是开车时，走神会干扰驾驶表现。一些理论认为走神主要是对低需求条件（认知负荷不足）的一种有意的反应，而另一些理论则认为它是无意的注意力缺失的结果。如果走神主要是故意的，那么在低需求驱动中可能比在高需求驱动中更普遍。相反，如果走神是无意失误的结果，它可能在低需求和高需求的情况下都可能发生，因此与司机的表现更密切相关，而不是故意走神，因为它更多地发生在高需求的驾驶上。我们使用驾驶模拟器来评估驾驶员（N = 34），通过控制交通流量来改变驾驶员的认知需求。我们还使用周期性的思维探针来测量走神，以评估司机是否处于任务外思维（走神），如果是，他们是有意还是无意这样做的。总的来说，低速行驶时的走神次数明显多于高速行驶时的走神次数，特别是有意走神次数更多（边际效应：p = 0.055）。然而，关于故意走神的报道相对较少。在低流量驾驶中，无意走神的次数是有意走神的4倍；在交通繁忙的路段，这个数字是原来的6倍。此外，无意识的走神对驾驶表现的预测效果最好，在高流量驾驶中，走神对速度变异性、转向和危险反应的影响占14 - 18%。

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Driving performance is better predicted by unintentional rather than intentional mind-wandering in high density traffic

Mind-wandering occurs when attention is diverted from a primary task by off-task thoughts. When the primary task is driving, mind-wandering can interfere with driving performance. Some theories consider mind-wandering to be primarily an intentional response to low demand conditions (cognitive underload) while others consider it the result of unintentional attentional lapses. If mind-wandering is primarily intentional, it might be expected to be more prevalent in low demand drives than high. In contrast, if mind-wandering is the result of an unintentional lapse, it might be as likely to occur in low and high demand conditions, and thus more closely related to driver performance than intentional mind-wandering because it occurs more on high demand drives. We used a driving simulator to assess drivers (N = 34), manipulating the amount of traffic to vary the cognitive demands of the drive. We also measured mind-wandering using periodic thought-probes to assess whether or not the drivers were engaged in off-task thought (mind-wandering), and if they were, whether they were doing so intentionally or unintentionally. Overall, there was significantly more mind-wandering on low than high traffic drives, and in particular, more intentional mind-wandering (a marginal effect: p = 0.055). However, reports of intentional mind-wandering were relatively rare. In the low traffic drive, there was 4 times more unintentional than intentional mind-wandering; in the high traffic drive there was 6 times more. Furthermore, unintentional mind-wandering predicted driving performance best, accounting for 14–18 % of the variance in speed variability, steering, and hazard response in the high traffic drive.

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来源期刊

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour Multiple-

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

14.60%

发文量

239

审稿时长

71 days

期刊介绍： Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour focuses on the behavioural and psychological aspects of traffic and transport. The aim of the journal is to enhance theory development, improve the quality of empirical studies and to stimulate the application of research findings in practice. TRF provides a focus and a means of communication for the considerable amount of research activities that are now being carried out in this field. The journal provides a forum for transportation researchers, psychologists, ergonomists, engineers and policy-makers with an interest in traffic and transport psychology.