欧盟生境指令适用于非欧盟国家:圣马力诺案例

IF 2.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Francesco Santi , Fabrizio Buldrini , Luca Di Nuzzo , Riccardo Santolini , Alessandro Chiarucci
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在欧盟,生物多样性保护以《鸟类指令》和《栖息地指令》(HD)为指导,它们为世界上最大的保护区协调网络“自然2000”提供了基本政策。圣马力诺共和国,一个被意大利包围的欧洲非欧盟小国,已经批准了联合国生物多样性公约,但是没有一个正式的基于区域的保护战略。在这项研究中,我们测试了HD在圣马力诺共和国的采用情况,制作了一份正式的栖息地类型列表和分布图。我们通过提取圣马力诺周围意大利保护区半径10公里内的栖息地,创建了该国潜在栖息地类型的列表。为了验证它们在该国的存在,我们在2019-2022年期间积极调查了植被样地。我们使用非度量的多维尺度来提供样地的排序,并在国家尺度上分析生境的梯度。我们确认了9种生境类型的存在,排除了22种额外的生境类型。尽管确定的栖息地类型的覆盖面积相对较小(2.71平方公里;占国家领土的4.4%),但其中一些在周边地区相当罕见,突出了当地保护措施和圣马力诺政策与意大利政策相结合的重要性。圣马力诺共和国等非欧盟国家采用HD可能是一个简单但有价值的步骤,可以在国家一级制定基于区域的保护战略,与周围环境保持一致。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Towards the application of EU Habitats Directive to a non-EU country: the case of San Marino
In the European Union, biodiversity conservation is guided by the Birds Directive and the Habitats Directive (HD), which provided the foundational policy for Natura 2000, the World’s largest coordinated network of protected areas. The Republic of San Marino, a European non-EU microstate enclaved within Italy, has ratified the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, but does not have a formalised area-based conservation strategy. In this study we test the adoption of the HD to the Republic of San Marino, by producing a formalised list of habitat types and a map of their distribution. We created a list of potential habitat types present in the country by extracting those located in a 10 km radius of the Italian prtoected areas surrounding San Marino. To verify their presence in the country, we actively surveyed vegetation plots in the period 2019–2022. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling to provide an ordination of the plots and analyse gradients in habitats at the country scale. We confirmed the presence of 9 habitat types and excluded 22 additional types. Despite the relatively small cover of confirmed habitat types (2.71 km2; 4.4 % of the country territory), some of them are quite rare in the surrounding areas, highlighting the importance of local conservation measures and integration of the San Marino policy with Italian policies. The adoption of HD by non-EU states such as the Republic of San Marino could be a simple but valuable step to develop an area-based conservation strategy at the country level, aligned with the surrounding context.
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来源期刊
Journal for Nature Conservation
Journal for Nature Conservation 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
5.00%
发文量
151
审稿时长
7.9 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal for Nature Conservation addresses concepts, methods and techniques for nature conservation. This international and interdisciplinary journal encourages collaboration between scientists and practitioners, including the integration of biodiversity issues with social and economic concepts. Therefore, conceptual, technical and methodological papers, as well as reviews, research papers, and short communications are welcomed from a wide range of disciplines, including theoretical ecology, landscape ecology, restoration ecology, ecological modelling, and others, provided that there is a clear connection and immediate relevance to nature conservation. Manuscripts without any immediate conservation context, such as inventories, distribution modelling, genetic studies, animal behaviour, plant physiology, will not be considered for this journal; though such data may be useful for conservationists and managers in the future, this is outside of the current scope of the journal.
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