三江源地区寒季牧草草地质量持续下降

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI:10.1016/j.rama.2025.06.012

Yecheng Yuan , Baolin Li , Yan Liu , Xizhang Gao , Wei Liu , Ying Li , Rui Li

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引用次数: 0

摘要

由于全球气候变化和人类活动的影响，三江源地区的高寒草地遭受了严重的退化。围栏是中国政府实施的生态保护与修复工程在青藏高原地区实施的一项重大对策。EPRP的围栏是为了保证生长季节的禁牧和寒冷季节的轮牧。然而，以往的研究中围栏排除了整个生长季节的放牧，这与EPRP有很大的不同。因此，根据以往的研究，围栏对TRH区EPRP的保护作用无法得到证实。利用2005 - 2017年TRH地区39个EPRP围栏样点的野外观测数据，利用普通最小二乘法分析了植被和生殖枝高、植被覆盖度和地上生物量的变化趋势。结果表明：研究期间，营养枝高、生殖枝高和植被盖度分别显著降低34.8%、38.2%和5.4% （P < 0.05）。禾本科和苏科的生物量比例分别下降了48.2%和23.9% (P < 0.05)，毒草和可食牧草的生物量比例分别增加了170.3%和42.0% （P < 0.10）。这表明EPRP对围栏样地草地质量的影响有所下降。草原质量下降的主要原因可能是寒季牲畜超载严重。在已退化的高寒草地上，篱下杂草和毒草的竞争优势可能进一步加剧了草地的退化。这些结果表明，在研究期间，青藏高原冷季牧场围篱并没有达到恢复草原的目的。这些发现为完善TRH地区的生态保护和恢复政策提供了重要依据。

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Continuous Decrease in Grassland Quality in Cold-Season Pasture Over Three River Headwater Region

Alpine grasslands in the Three River Headwater (TRH) region have suffered serious degradation owing to global climate change and human activity. Fencing is a major countermeasure implemented in the TRH region by the Ecological Protection and Restoration Program (EPRP) launched by the Chinese government. Fencing from the EPRP was to guarantee prohibited grazing during the growing season and rotation grazing during the cold season in the cold-season pasture. However, fencing excluded grazing over the entire growing season in previous studies, which was quite different from the EPRP. Thus, the protective effect of fencing from the EPRP in the TRH region cannot be confirmed based on previous studies. This study presents trends in vegetative and reproductive branch heights, vegetation cover, and aboveground biomass from 2005 to 2017, using ordinary least squares regression based on field observation data from 39 fenced sites from the EPRP in the TRH region. The results indicated that vegetative branch height, reproductive branch height, and vegetation cover decreased significantly by 34.8%, 38.2%, and 5.4%, respectively, over the study period (P < 0.05). The biomass proportion of Gramineae and Cyperaceae decreased by 48.2% and 23.9%, respectively (P < 0.05), whereas those of poisonous weeds and edible forbs increased by 170.3% and 42.0% (P < 0.10), respectively. This indicated a decrease in grassland quality at the fenced sites from the EPRP. The decrease in grassland quality may have been mainly caused by severe livestock overloading during the cold season. A competitive edge from forbs and poisonous weeds under fencing in degraded alpine grasslands may have further exacerbated grassland degradation. These results suggest that fencing in cold-season pasture from the EPRP did not achieve the objective of restoring grasslands under severe livestock overloading in the TRH region over the study period. These findings provide a significant basis for improving ecological protection and restoration policies in the TRH region.

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来源期刊

Rangeland Ecology & Management 农林科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

13.00%

发文量

审稿时长

12-24 weeks

期刊介绍： Rangeland Ecology & Management publishes all topics-including ecology, management, socioeconomic and policy-pertaining to global rangelands. The journal''s mission is to inform academics, ecosystem managers and policy makers of science-based information to promote sound rangeland stewardship. Author submissions are published in five manuscript categories: original research papers, high-profile forum topics, concept syntheses, as well as research and technical notes. Rangelands represent approximately 50% of the Earth''s land area and provision multiple ecosystem services for large human populations. This expansive and diverse land area functions as coupled human-ecological systems. Knowledge of both social and biophysical system components and their interactions represent the foundation for informed rangeland stewardship. Rangeland Ecology & Management uniquely integrates information from multiple system components to address current and pending challenges confronting global rangelands.