Adaptive Optimal Power Management for Hybrid Energy Input-Based EV Charging System With Multi-Mode Flow

Renewable integrated electric vehicle (EV) DC charging systems have emerged as a revolutionary approach, combining the strengths of renewable energy and traditional power grids. This article presents an adaptive optimal power management (AOPM) scheme developed to enhance the performance of a hybrid energy input-based EV DC charging System, incorporating a renewable energy source (RES)-supported grid-integrated configuration. The system offers multi-mode bidirectional power flow, providing a comprehensive solution for DC charging systems, including grid-to-vehicle (G2V), vehicle-to-grid (V2G), RES-to-grid (RES2G), renewable energy storage system (RESS)-to-grid (RESS2G), and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V). The AOPM scheme governs all operations based on the available energy sources and load demand, seamlessly coupling and decoupling sub-systems to prevent power wastage, maximize RES utilization, and reduce grid tariffs. The operation is divided into various modes, ensuring seamless transitions without disrupting battery charging or compromising power quality. Additionally, the system intelligently places source-side converters in standby mode, adapting efficiently to worst-case scenarios. An experimental 10 kW peak prototype at technology readiness level (TRL)-6 validates the effective implementation of a state-of-the-art AOPM scheme for the E-Rickshaw charging system.