A public goods game model under environmental impact benefits

It is well known that in a typical economic environment, the investment environment influences returns, and returns in turn shape investment behavior. In this public goods game model, the number of cooperating individuals represents the environment. Considers two ways in which the environment impacts returns: a good environment can attract investments, thereby increasing returns and a good environment can lead to saturation, causing investors to leave and reducing returns. In both scenarios, the paper explores the evolution of cooperation. The results show that when the environment enhances returns, it can effectively promote cooperation, although the extent of this enhancement has little impact on the level of cooperation. Conversely, when the environment diminishes returns, it inhibits cooperation, and the greater the reduction, the more the level of cooperation decreases. Additionally, the stricter the criteria for defining a good or bad environment, the higher the level of cooperation in both scenarios.