{"title":"人类T细胞对黄病毒疫苗的反应","authors":"David Wullimann, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren","doi":"10.1002/eji.70027","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Flaviviruses are major human pathogens that continue to pose a global health threat, and vaccination is an effective strategy to protect against disease from several flaviviruses. Flavivirus vaccines are believed to confer protection primarily through antibody responses; however, the role of T cells in vaccine immunity remains less explored despite demonstrated contribution in the response to natural infection. This review examines T cell responses induced by licensed or developing flavivirus vaccines, their contribution to protection, and key findings highlighting the importance of cellular immunity. We discuss the role of memory T cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, in flavivirus vaccine-induced immunity and compare the immunogenicity of live attenuated versus inactivated vaccines. We also discuss the significance of T cell immunity, cross-reactivity, and vaccine platform design in shaping durable and broad protection. Additionally, we broaden the discussion toward other human RNA viruses, including the influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A better understanding of the role of T cell immunity will be essential for optimizing the use of current flavivirus vaccines and developing next-generation approaches capable of providing long-lasting immunity against emerging and re-emerging flavivirus threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":165,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Immunology","volume":"55 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eji.70027","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Human T Cell Responses to Flavivirus Vaccines\",\"authors\":\"David Wullimann, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/eji.70027\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Flaviviruses are major human pathogens that continue to pose a global health threat, and vaccination is an effective strategy to protect against disease from several flaviviruses. Flavivirus vaccines are believed to confer protection primarily through antibody responses; however, the role of T cells in vaccine immunity remains less explored despite demonstrated contribution in the response to natural infection. This review examines T cell responses induced by licensed or developing flavivirus vaccines, their contribution to protection, and key findings highlighting the importance of cellular immunity. We discuss the role of memory T cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, in flavivirus vaccine-induced immunity and compare the immunogenicity of live attenuated versus inactivated vaccines. We also discuss the significance of T cell immunity, cross-reactivity, and vaccine platform design in shaping durable and broad protection. Additionally, we broaden the discussion toward other human RNA viruses, including the influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A better understanding of the role of T cell immunity will be essential for optimizing the use of current flavivirus vaccines and developing next-generation approaches capable of providing long-lasting immunity against emerging and re-emerging flavivirus threats.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":165,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"European Journal of Immunology\",\"volume\":\"55 8\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eji.70027\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"European Journal of Immunology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.70027\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"IMMUNOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"European Journal of Immunology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.70027","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Flaviviruses are major human pathogens that continue to pose a global health threat, and vaccination is an effective strategy to protect against disease from several flaviviruses. Flavivirus vaccines are believed to confer protection primarily through antibody responses; however, the role of T cells in vaccine immunity remains less explored despite demonstrated contribution in the response to natural infection. This review examines T cell responses induced by licensed or developing flavivirus vaccines, their contribution to protection, and key findings highlighting the importance of cellular immunity. We discuss the role of memory T cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, in flavivirus vaccine-induced immunity and compare the immunogenicity of live attenuated versus inactivated vaccines. We also discuss the significance of T cell immunity, cross-reactivity, and vaccine platform design in shaping durable and broad protection. Additionally, we broaden the discussion toward other human RNA viruses, including the influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A better understanding of the role of T cell immunity will be essential for optimizing the use of current flavivirus vaccines and developing next-generation approaches capable of providing long-lasting immunity against emerging and re-emerging flavivirus threats.
期刊介绍:
The European Journal of Immunology (EJI) is an official journal of EFIS. Established in 1971, EJI continues to serve the needs of the global immunology community covering basic, translational and clinical research, ranging from adaptive and innate immunity through to vaccines and immunotherapy, cancer, autoimmunity, allergy and more. Mechanistic insights and thought-provoking immunological findings are of interest, as are studies using the latest omics technologies. We offer fast track review for competitive situations, including recently scooped papers, format free submission, transparent and fair peer review and more as detailed in our policies.