Deciphering the enigma: long noncoding RNAs in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic prospects.

Despite advancements in disease understanding and therapeutic interventions, the global burden of diseases continues to increase rapidly, emphasizing the need for novel insights and approaches. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key players in biological processes and influence gene expression regulation and cellular signalling pathways. This review explores the complex roles of lncRNAs in modulating chromatin function, regulating nuclear bodies, and impacting posttranslational modifications. Moreover, their interactions with various RNA species and proteins significantly influence cell signalling cascades, thereby contributing to diverse pathophysiological conditions, including cancer, neurological disorders, metabolic syndromes, and autoimmune diseases. We highlight the potential of lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in clinical settings. By describing the complex involvement of lncRNAs in disease mechanisms, this review aims to stimulate further research in this field, encouraging a deeper understanding of disease pathogenesis and paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies.