Marginalized but equal? An investigation of visible green equity disparities in marginalized residents' daily commutes and its potential green solutions

Existing quantification of green equity focused on static spatial measures, neglecting the dynamics of residents' behavior. This study introduces a novel method based on residents' daily commute trajectories to identify visible green exposure and equity, distinguishing between marginalized and formal settlements. We employed Lasso regression and LightGBM models to demonstrate the contributions of 2D green landscape patterns and 3D green morphologies to visible green equity, as well as the synergistic effects between variables. The results indicated: (1) Residents in marginalized settlements experience more equitable visible greenery compared to those in formal areas. (2) 3D green morphologies, 2D landscape patterns, and spatial patterns play roles of decreasing importance in influencing visible green equity, compensating for the neglect of 3D green morphology in existing conclusions. (3) Synergistic analysis revealed that diversified, dispersed, and low green spaces contribute to promoting visible green equity across all settlements. (4) Marginalized settlements can utilize fragmented small green spaces to reduce spatial segregation, while formal settlements need to focus on the soft boundaries between green spaces and housing. The inclusive green planning strategies proposed in this study consider the residential marginalization and the dynamics of residents' daily commute, offering new insights for differentiated neighborhood green planning.