Francisco Javier Ampudia-Blasco, Alberto de la Cuadra-Grande, Virginia Bellido, Ana María Cebrián-Cuenca, Pedro Mezquita-Raya, Juana Carretero-Gómez, Antonio-Miguel Hernández Martínez, Itziar Oyagüez, Fernando Gómez-Peralta
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The daily use of 2.5 strips (€0.57/strip) and 2.5 lancets (€0.14/lancet) was considered for SMBG according to Spanish recommendations. The events/person-year was 2.5 for severe hypoglycemic events (SHEs) (€1403.03/event), 17.02 for non-SHEs (NSHEs) (€3.92/event), and 0.0025 for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (€2523.93/event). FM reduced the use of strips/lancets (-83.0%; sensor: €3.00/day) and acute events (NSHEs/SHEs: -58.0%; DKA: -68.0%). Sensitivity analyses were conducted to test robustness. Two additional scenarios were studied, including chronic diabetic complications (absolute reduction in HbA1c with FM: -1.1%) and absenteeism-related costs (reduction in absenteeism with FM: -58.4%). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The annual cost per patient was €3299.99 with SMBG and €2320.20 with FM. In 1000 patients, FM averted 2162 NSHEs (FM vs. SMBG: -€66,672), 1450 SHEs (FM vs. SMBG: -€2,579,224), and 1.5 DKA (FM vs. SMBG: -€6310), producing total cost savings of €979.706 compared with SMBG. All sensitivity analyses confirmed cost savings of FM versus SMBG, even when strips/lancets were free (-€442,117) or assuming a lower SHE frequency (1.4 events/patient-year; -€321,488). In 1000 patients, when considering chronic diabetic complications (SMBG: €3,745,869; FM: €2,886,785) and absenteeism (SMBG: €237,990; FM: €99,004), the annual cost savings of FM versus SMBG rose to €1,997,777. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> FreeStyle Libre could reduce acute events, chronic diabetic complications, and work absenteeism in poorly controlled patients with T2D on basal insulin, generating cost savings for the Spanish health system and society.</p>","PeriodicalId":11159,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes technology & therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Cost Analysis of the FreeStyle Libre Systems in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Basal Insulin with Poor Glycemic Control: A Spanish Perspective.\",\"authors\":\"Francisco Javier Ampudia-Blasco, Alberto de la Cuadra-Grande, Virginia Bellido, Ana María Cebrián-Cuenca, Pedro Mezquita-Raya, Juana Carretero-Gómez, Antonio-Miguel Hernández Martínez, Itziar Oyagüez, Fernando Gómez-Peralta\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/15209156251363576\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p><b><i>Background and Aims:</i></b> FreeStyle Libre® systems are effective and convenient glucose flash monitoring (FM) devices. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景和目的：FreeStyle Libre®系统是有效和方便的葡萄糖闪烁监测（FM）设备。该成本分析比较了在西班牙基础胰岛素治疗的控制不良的2型糖尿病（T2D）患者（糖化血红蛋白[HbA1c]低于8%）的FM和自我血糖监测（SMBG）。方法：在1000例患者队列中，采用模型比较FM和SMBG的成本。所有模型输入均来自科学文献，并由多学科专家组进行验证。统一成本以欧元（2025年）计算，包括增值税（VAT）。根据西班牙的建议，SMBG考虑每天使用2.5条（0.57欧元/条）和2.5支（0.14欧元/支）。严重低血糖事件（SHEs）的事件数/人年为2.5（1403.03欧元/事件），非低血糖事件（NSHEs）的事件数为17.02（3.92欧元/事件），糖尿病酮症酸中毒（DKA）的事件数为0.0025（2523.93欧元/事件）。FM减少了条带/枪的使用(-83.0%；传感器：3.00欧元/天)和急性事件(nshs /SHEs: -58.0%；分析:-68.0%)。进行敏感性分析以检验稳健性。另外还研究了两种情况，包括慢性糖尿病并发症（FM患者HbA1c绝对降低：-1.1%）和缺勤相关费用（FM患者缺勤降低：-58.4%）。结果：SMBG患者的年费用为3299.99欧元，FM患者的年费用为2320.20欧元。在1000名患者中，FM避免了2162例nsh （FM vs SMBG: - 66,672欧元），1450例hsh （FM vs SMBG: - 2,579,224欧元）和1.5例DKA （FM vs SMBG: - 6310欧元），与SMBG相比，总成本节省了979.706欧元。所有敏感性分析均证实FM与SMBG相比节省了成本，即使在条带/针头免费（- 442,117欧元）或SHE频率较低(1.4事件/患者年；-€321488)。在1000名患者中，考虑到慢性糖尿病并发症(SMBG: 3,745,869欧元；FM: 2,886,785欧元)和缺勤(SMBG: 237,990欧元；FM: 99,004欧元)，与SMBG相比，FM每年节省的成本上升至1,997,777欧元。结论：FreeStyle Libre可以减少基础胰岛素控制不佳的T2D患者的急性事件、慢性糖尿病并发症和旷工，为西班牙卫生系统和社会节省成本。
Cost Analysis of the FreeStyle Libre Systems in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Basal Insulin with Poor Glycemic Control: A Spanish Perspective.
Background and Aims: FreeStyle Libre® systems are effective and convenient glucose flash monitoring (FM) devices. This cost analysis compared FM versus self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in poorly controlled (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] >8%) patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) on basal insulin in Spain. Methods: A model was used to compare the costs of FM and SMBG in a 1000-patient cohort. All model inputs were sourced from scientific literature and validated by a multidisciplinary experts' group. Unitary costs were included in euros (2025), including value-added tax (VAT). The daily use of 2.5 strips (€0.57/strip) and 2.5 lancets (€0.14/lancet) was considered for SMBG according to Spanish recommendations. The events/person-year was 2.5 for severe hypoglycemic events (SHEs) (€1403.03/event), 17.02 for non-SHEs (NSHEs) (€3.92/event), and 0.0025 for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (€2523.93/event). FM reduced the use of strips/lancets (-83.0%; sensor: €3.00/day) and acute events (NSHEs/SHEs: -58.0%; DKA: -68.0%). Sensitivity analyses were conducted to test robustness. Two additional scenarios were studied, including chronic diabetic complications (absolute reduction in HbA1c with FM: -1.1%) and absenteeism-related costs (reduction in absenteeism with FM: -58.4%). Results: The annual cost per patient was €3299.99 with SMBG and €2320.20 with FM. In 1000 patients, FM averted 2162 NSHEs (FM vs. SMBG: -€66,672), 1450 SHEs (FM vs. SMBG: -€2,579,224), and 1.5 DKA (FM vs. SMBG: -€6310), producing total cost savings of €979.706 compared with SMBG. All sensitivity analyses confirmed cost savings of FM versus SMBG, even when strips/lancets were free (-€442,117) or assuming a lower SHE frequency (1.4 events/patient-year; -€321,488). In 1000 patients, when considering chronic diabetic complications (SMBG: €3,745,869; FM: €2,886,785) and absenteeism (SMBG: €237,990; FM: €99,004), the annual cost savings of FM versus SMBG rose to €1,997,777. Conclusions: FreeStyle Libre could reduce acute events, chronic diabetic complications, and work absenteeism in poorly controlled patients with T2D on basal insulin, generating cost savings for the Spanish health system and society.
期刊介绍：
Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics is the only peer-reviewed journal providing healthcare professionals with information on new devices, drugs, drug delivery systems, and software for managing patients with diabetes. This leading international journal delivers practical information and comprehensive coverage of cutting-edge technologies and therapeutics in the field, and each issue highlights new pharmacological and device developments to optimize patient care.
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