A review of architecture features for distributed and resilient industrial cyber–physical systems

Industrial processes increasingly demand the design of reliable systems with robustness, resilience, and autonomy capabilities. Distributed cyber–physical systems have been seen as reliable and potential solutions to these demands, and they are being more prepared and aligned to the incorporation of new technologies and methodologies. Some technologies and methodologies are service-oriented architectures, multi-agent systems, IEC 61499 Standard, virtualization, and autonomous capabilities. These technologies ensure adaptative dynamic systems that detect and correct changes or faults autonomously, maximizing resource use in dynamic environments and the operation time of industry processes. The fusion of technologies and methodologies allows the optimization of industrial Cyber–Physical Systems (CPSs), making them more flexible, agile, secure, scalable, reliable, and efficient. This work aims to identify fundamental ideas from the recent literature on distributed CPS architectures for industrial environments. For this, this review studies distributed architectures and the fundamental/essential technologies and methodologies contributing to their maturation and growth. The paper studies the fundamental concepts, applications, and integration of communication protocols, IEC 61499 Standard, virtualization, multi-agent, fault-tolerant, and autonomous methodologies on distributed CPS. The review presents the different features addressed to develop a well-defined and optimized distributed architecture and the integration and relationship of different methodologies. Also, the respective strengths, shortcomings, and opportunities for future work are identified. The contribution of the presented work is to provide the crucial technologies and essential concepts to develop a distributed and resilient industrial CPS in the future.