State-of-the-art methods for quantifying microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates are a diverse class of microbially synthesized polymers that are used to make bioplastics with a wide range of applications. As interest in polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) grows, researchers are faced with a challenge: how best to use the resources at their disposal to reliably quantify PHA produced by their microbe(s) of choice. Investigators must weigh the pros and cons of each method against logistical constraints (e.g., time, money, and equipment) and technical concerns (e.g., accuracy and sensitivity). At the same time, the broader community of scientists researching PHAs should aspire to land on a set of best practices. To this end, we must continually audit our methods. Here, we offer readers a snapshot of popular and emerging approaches for quantifying PHA in the lab. For each method, we provide an overview, list the primary equipment, briefly describe the methods, including improvements or iterations, and discuss the pros and cons of the approach. Along the way, we highlight gaps in research and make recommendations about best practices and future directions.