Study of the uniaxial behavior of isotropic ice in relation to time-dependent and time-independent strains Untersuchung des uniaxialen Verhaltens von isotropem Eis in Bezug auf zeitabhängige und zeitunabhängige Verformungen

Existing studies that assess ice strain behavior do not consider the presence of a permanent inelastic strain that is independent of time, such as is observed in other materials. To investigate permanent inelastic strain and to determine the other strain components for ice, we performed creep tests on polycrystalline isotropic ice under a constant uniaxial compression load at several loading and unloading times and temperatures of -5 °C, -10 °C, and -15 °C. Plastic strain decreases as temperature decreases. However, relative to other strain components, the contribution of plastic strain to total strain is important at all temperatures, particularly when the ice is close to its melting point. The contribution of primary creep strain is greater at the beginning of the loading process, and secondary creep eventually dominates as loading continues. The contribution of primary creep to permanent strain increases markedly as temperature decreases, whereas the contribution of secondary creep increases with temperature.