可卡因使用障碍在德国门诊成瘾护理-趋势分析。

IF 1.9 0 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Journal of substance use and addiction treatment Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI:10.1016/j.josat.2025.209769

Carlotta Riemerschmid , Eva Hoch , Charlotte E. Wittekind , Advisory Board of the German Addiction Care Statistical Service , Larissa Schwarzkopf

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景：可卡因在欧洲比以往任何时候都更容易获得，导致德国的消费量上升和对治疗可卡因使用障碍的需求增加。本研究通过分析2001年至2023年期间，德国全国对腹泻相关护理需求的趋势，以及初步诊断为腹泻的门诊成瘾护理机构（OACF）客户的社会人口学特征，研究了这些趋势对门诊成瘾护理环境的影响。方法：数据来自德国成瘾护理统计服务（DSHS），该服务每年汇总来自德国各地OACFs的数据。联结点回归分析评估了心血管疾病相关护理需求的趋势、首次入院的比例和社会人口变量（年龄、性别、教育水平、就业状况）。将CoUD的趋势与另一种原发性物质使用障碍（SUD）进入护理的个体进行比较。结果：与腹泻相关的护理事件的比例从2001年的1.8 %显著增加到2023年的4.4 %，在sud中增加到8.2 %（2001年：1.9 %）。在此期间，CoUD客户群体变得更老，受教育程度更高（高学历：2001年为4.7 %，2023年为23.4% %），就业频率更高（2009年为33.6% %，2023年为53.7% %）。女性客户的比例保持相对稳定，由2001年的12.9% %轻微上升至2023年的13. %。首次入院的心血管疾病总体上有所下降，但从2012年开始有了显著的增长（2012年：35.9% %，2023年：40.3% %）。结论：随着求医人群转向以中年、高等教育和就业为特征的特征，在德国OACFs中，CoUD的相关性越来越高。因此，对于患有慢性阻塞性肺病的个人，现有的护理和支持方案可能需要进行调整，以提高治疗成功率。在职业和教育环境中进行早期干预可能是一种很有前途的方法。由于我们的研究结果似乎主要反映了有问题的粉末可卡因使用引起的慢性阻塞性肺病，因此还应更多地关注有问题的快克可卡因使用的个体，他们的治疗需求和社会人口特征可能有所不同。

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Cocaine Use Disorder in German outpatient addiction care - A trend analysis

Background

Cocaine is more readily available than ever in Europe, leading to rising consumption rates and an increasing demand for treatment of Cocaine Use Disorder (CoUD) in Germany. This study examines the impact of these trends on the outpatient addiction care setting in Germany by analyzing national trends in the demand for CoUD-related care and the sociodemographic characteristics of clients entering outpatient addiction care facilities (OACF) with a primary diagnosis of CoUD between 2001 and 2023.

Methods

Data were derived from the German Addiction Care Statistical Service (DSHS), which annually aggregates data from OACFs across Germany. Joinpoint regression analysis assessed trends in the demand for CoUD-related care, the proportion of first-time admissions, and sociodemographic variables (age, gender, education level, employment status). The trends for CoUD were compared to those of individuals entering care with another primary substance use disorder (SUD).

Results

The proportion of CoUD-related care episodes increased significantly from 1.8 % in 2001 to 4.4 % in 2023 in relation to the entire caseload, and to 8.2 % among SUDs (2001: 1.9 %). During this period, the CoUD client population became older, more educated (high education level: 4.7 % in 2001 vs. 23.4 % in 2023), and more frequently employed (33.6 % in 2009 vs. 53.7 % in 2023). The proportion of women remained relatively stable, with a slight increase from 12.9 % in 2001 to 13.5 % in 2023. First-time admissions for CoUD decreased overall but showed a significant increase from 2012 onward (2012: 35.9 %, 2023: 40.3 %).

Conclusion

CoUD is becoming increasingly relevant within German OACFs, with the care-seeking population shifting towards a profile characterized by middle age, higher education, and employment. In consequence, pre-existing programs for the care and support of individuals with CoUD may need to be adapted to enhance treatment success. Early interventions in occupational and educational settings may offer a promising approach. As our results seem to predominantly reflect CoUD caused by problematic powder cocaine use, more attention should also be given to individuals with problematic crack cocaine use, whose treatment needs and sociodemographic characteristics may differ.

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来源期刊

Journal of substance use and addiction treatment Biological Psychiatry, Neuroscience (General), Psychiatry and Mental Health, Psychology (General)

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