Challenges of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections post-liver transplantation: Insights and future directions.

Klebsiella pneumoniae infections (KPIs), particularly carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), pose significant challenges in liver transplantation (LT) recipients, with high morbidity and mortality. Guo et al's study highlights risk factors, such as elevated day-one alanine aminotransferase levels and prolonged catheterization, and identifies polymyxin B and ceftazidime/avibactam as effective treatments. However, limitations like the absence of pre-transplant colonization data and host-pathogen interaction insights highlight the need for enhanced strategies. Future directions should include routine CRKP colonization surveillance, immune and genomic profiling, and the development of novel therapeutics. By integrating these approaches, we can improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of KPIs in LT patients.