家畜抗生素使用与环境抗生素耐药性:述评。

IF 2.9 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Environmental Health Insights Pub Date : 2025-07-27 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1177/11786302251357775
Tesfaye Admassu Abate, Alemayehu Godana Birhanu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在畜牧业中使用抗菌素是发展中国家的一种普遍做法,以应对对动物性食品日益增长的需求。兽医用抗生素占全世界使用的抗生素的大部分。本文旨在概述畜牧业生产中抗生素使用对环境的影响及其在抗生素耐药性出现和传播中的后果。全球动物抗生素消费量估计为每年6.3万吨至10.6万吨。最常用的抗生素包括四环素类、磺胺类、β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类和甲氧苄啶。大多数用于动物治疗的抗生素不能在动物体内完全代谢;相反,它们会被排出并进入环境。本文还简要介绍了抗生素残留的命运及其在环境中的行为。在发展中国家,除了缺乏抗生素使用趋势的数据外,在实施牲畜抗生素使用的科学和监管框架方面也存在限制。为了减少与耐药感染相关的预计生命损失,建议通过实施与抗生素使用和残余废物管理有关的可负担得起的关键行动,降低环境中的抗生素污染。在所有情况下合理使用抗生素、减少抗生素的环境暴露、研究和环境监测等行动对于解决抗生素耐药性问题非常重要,特别是在低收入国家。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Antibiotic Use in Livestock and Environmental Antibiotic Resistance: A Narrative Review.

Antibiotic Use in Livestock and Environmental Antibiotic Resistance: A Narrative Review.

Antibiotic Use in Livestock and Environmental Antibiotic Resistance: A Narrative Review.

Antibiotic Use in Livestock and Environmental Antibiotic Resistance: A Narrative Review.

Antimicrobial use in animal husbandry is a common practice in developing countries as a response to the growing demand for animal-based foods. Veterinary antibiotics account for most of the antibiotics used worldwide. This review aims to provide an overview of the impact of antibiotic usage in livestock production on the environment and its consequences in the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. The global estimate of antibiotic consumption in animals ranges from 63 000 to 106 000 tons annually. The most commonly used antibiotic classes include tetracyclines, sulfonamides, β-lactams, macrolides, and trimethoprim. Most of the antibiotics used in animal treatments are not fully metabolized within the animal's body; instead, they are excreted and can enter the environment. This review also provides a brief overview of the fate of antibiotic residues and their behavior in the environment. In developing countries, in addition to the lack of data on antibiotic use trends, there are limitations in implementing scientific and regulatory frameworks for antibiotic use in livestock. To reduce the projected loss of lives associated with antimicrobial resistant infections, it is recommended to lower antibiotic contamination in the environment by implementing affordable and critical actions related to antibiotic usage and residual waste management. Actions such as rational use of antibiotics in all circumstances, reducing environmental exposure to antibiotics, research, and environmental surveillance are important to tackle the problems of antibiotic resistance, especially in low-income countries.

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来源期刊
Environmental Health Insights
Environmental Health Insights PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
3.20
自引率
22.20%
发文量
97
审稿时长
8 weeks
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