Evaluation of the Effects of cypermethrin Toxicity on Liver Mitochondria of Male Albino Rats

The purpose of this study is to look into the toxic effects of giving male albino rats cypermethrin (CPM). In order to achieve this, three groups of rats were formed. Every group received the same amount of saline, including the control group, while the experimental groups received 4.5 and 5.5 mg/kg body weight of cypermethrin. After that, the rats are sacrificed, and tissue samples are pooled. In all the treatments, rats were administered orally for an experimental period of 30 days. Every week, the body weight of every individual rat was recorded. In order to achieve this goal, indicators of toxicity such as body and organic weight, ATP and ATP/ADP ratio, antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress, complex activity (complex I–IV), plasma biochemical parameters, and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are utilized. Rats injected with cypermethrin showed a substantial (p < 0.05) drop in their ultimate weight and organ weight when compared to control rats. The administration of cypermethrin resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) drop in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the ATP/ADP ratio, indicating the involvement of activity of liver mitochondria. The administration of cypermethrin oxidative stress biomarkers resulted in a substantial increase (p < 0.05) in malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and protein carbonylated content (PCC). Nevertheless, there was a significant (p < 0.05) drop in the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the mitochondria of rat liver. In the present study, the complex activity (complex I–IV) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of rat liver mitochondria decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The administration of Cypermethrin resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in plasma levels of triglycerides (TAG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin (BIL), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) were observed to have higher plasma levels after cypermethrin injection (p < 0.05) when compared to the control. The current study's findings demonstrated that rat liver tissue suffered mitochondrial damage as a result of cypermethrin intoxication.