{"title":"听力受损者和正常听力者耳鸣和耳蜗功能的检查。听力障碍者与正常人耳蜗功能与耳鸣的关系。","authors":"Pavlos Pavlidis, Vasilis Spyridon Tseriotis, Sophia Karachrysafi, Anna-Rebekka Staufenberg, Haralampos Gouveris","doi":"10.1007/s12070-025-05617-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The evaluation of peripheral hearing organ function is vital for determining the pathophysiology of tinnitus and for establishing appropriate treatment strategies. This research seeks to investigate cochlear functions in tinnitus patients, irrespective of whether they have hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, participants suffering from tinnitus were divided into two groups: the first study group (SG-I) consisted of 20 individuals who had associated hearing loss (HL). In contrast, the second group (SG-II) included 20 individuals without hearing loss. A control group (CG) was formed with 20 normal-hearing participants who did not have tinnitus. The tinnitus-related discomfort levels were evaluated using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Alongside pure-tone audiometry, Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) were conducted to assess cochlear functions and to identify any dead regions (DR). Additionally, Threshold Equalizing Noise (TEN) was employed in the evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed a threshold shift in subjects from SG-I when evaluated using Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEN), with these levels showing statistically significant differences from both SG-I and the control group (CG). Furthermore, SG-I exhibited both threshold shifts and distortion responses (DR) as indicated by TEN. In contrast, Transient Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE) did not present any significant differences between SG-II and CG. The findings for Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) in SG-II demonstrated significant decreases in emission amplitudes at 6 and 8 kHz.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conventional testing methods are suitable for evaluating tinnitus patients with hearing loss. Nevertheless, for patients with normal hearing experiencing tinnitus, the use of additional assessments such as Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) and Tone-Evoked Noise (TEN) enables a more precise evaluation of the peripheral hearing mechanisms. The limited or absent otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) observed in the SG-I group indicate a potential reduction or loss of functionality in the outer hair cells (OHC) at the tested frequency. In contrast, an increase in the thresholds of the tone-equalizing noise (TEN) test points to a possible dysfunction in the inner hair cells (IHC).</p>","PeriodicalId":49190,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"77 8","pages":"2971-2978"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297068/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"An Examination of Tinnitus and Cochlear Functionality in both Hearing Impaired and Normally Hearing Individuals. The Relationship between Tinnitus and Cochlear Functions in Individuals with Hearing Impairment and those with Normal Hearing.\",\"authors\":\"Pavlos Pavlidis, Vasilis Spyridon Tseriotis, Sophia Karachrysafi, Anna-Rebekka Staufenberg, Haralampos Gouveris\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s12070-025-05617-y\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The evaluation of peripheral hearing organ function is vital for determining the pathophysiology of tinnitus and for establishing appropriate treatment strategies. This research seeks to investigate cochlear functions in tinnitus patients, irrespective of whether they have hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, participants suffering from tinnitus were divided into two groups: the first study group (SG-I) consisted of 20 individuals who had associated hearing loss (HL). In contrast, the second group (SG-II) included 20 individuals without hearing loss. A control group (CG) was formed with 20 normal-hearing participants who did not have tinnitus. The tinnitus-related discomfort levels were evaluated using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Alongside pure-tone audiometry, Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) were conducted to assess cochlear functions and to identify any dead regions (DR). Additionally, Threshold Equalizing Noise (TEN) was employed in the evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed a threshold shift in subjects from SG-I when evaluated using Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEN), with these levels showing statistically significant differences from both SG-I and the control group (CG). Furthermore, SG-I exhibited both threshold shifts and distortion responses (DR) as indicated by TEN. In contrast, Transient Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE) did not present any significant differences between SG-II and CG. The findings for Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) in SG-II demonstrated significant decreases in emission amplitudes at 6 and 8 kHz.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conventional testing methods are suitable for evaluating tinnitus patients with hearing loss. Nevertheless, for patients with normal hearing experiencing tinnitus, the use of additional assessments such as Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) and Tone-Evoked Noise (TEN) enables a more precise evaluation of the peripheral hearing mechanisms. The limited or absent otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) observed in the SG-I group indicate a potential reduction or loss of functionality in the outer hair cells (OHC) at the tested frequency. In contrast, an increase in the thresholds of the tone-equalizing noise (TEN) test points to a possible dysfunction in the inner hair cells (IHC).</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":49190,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery\",\"volume\":\"77 8\",\"pages\":\"2971-2978\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297068/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-025-05617-y\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/6/12 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"SURGERY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-025-05617-y","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/6/12 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"SURGERY","Score":null,"Total":0}
An Examination of Tinnitus and Cochlear Functionality in both Hearing Impaired and Normally Hearing Individuals. The Relationship between Tinnitus and Cochlear Functions in Individuals with Hearing Impairment and those with Normal Hearing.
Purpose: The evaluation of peripheral hearing organ function is vital for determining the pathophysiology of tinnitus and for establishing appropriate treatment strategies. This research seeks to investigate cochlear functions in tinnitus patients, irrespective of whether they have hearing loss.
Methods: In this study, participants suffering from tinnitus were divided into two groups: the first study group (SG-I) consisted of 20 individuals who had associated hearing loss (HL). In contrast, the second group (SG-II) included 20 individuals without hearing loss. A control group (CG) was formed with 20 normal-hearing participants who did not have tinnitus. The tinnitus-related discomfort levels were evaluated using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Alongside pure-tone audiometry, Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) were conducted to assess cochlear functions and to identify any dead regions (DR). Additionally, Threshold Equalizing Noise (TEN) was employed in the evaluation.
Results: The analysis revealed a threshold shift in subjects from SG-I when evaluated using Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEN), with these levels showing statistically significant differences from both SG-I and the control group (CG). Furthermore, SG-I exhibited both threshold shifts and distortion responses (DR) as indicated by TEN. In contrast, Transient Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE) did not present any significant differences between SG-II and CG. The findings for Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) in SG-II demonstrated significant decreases in emission amplitudes at 6 and 8 kHz.
Conclusion: Conventional testing methods are suitable for evaluating tinnitus patients with hearing loss. Nevertheless, for patients with normal hearing experiencing tinnitus, the use of additional assessments such as Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) and Tone-Evoked Noise (TEN) enables a more precise evaluation of the peripheral hearing mechanisms. The limited or absent otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) observed in the SG-I group indicate a potential reduction or loss of functionality in the outer hair cells (OHC) at the tested frequency. In contrast, an increase in the thresholds of the tone-equalizing noise (TEN) test points to a possible dysfunction in the inner hair cells (IHC).
期刊介绍：
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery was founded as Indian Journal of Otolaryngology in 1949 as a scientific Journal published by the Association of Otolaryngologists of India and was later rechristened as IJOHNS to incorporate the changes and progress.
IJOHNS, undoubtedly one of the oldest Journals in India, is the official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India and is about to publish it is 67th Volume in 2015. The Journal published quarterly accepts articles in general Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and various subspecialities such as Otology, Rhinology, Laryngology and Phonosurgery, Neurotology, Head and Neck Surgery etc.
The Journal acts as a window to showcase and project the clinical and research work done by Otolaryngologists community in India and around the world. It is a continued source of useful clinical information with peer review by eminent Otolaryngologists of repute in their respective fields. The Journal accepts articles pertaining to clinical reports, Clinical studies, Research articles in basic and applied Otolaryngology, short Communications, Clinical records reporting unusual presentations or lesions and new surgical techniques. The journal acts as a catalyst and mirrors the Indian Otolaryngologist’s active interests and pursuits. The Journal also invites articles from senior and experienced authors on interesting topics in Otolaryngology and allied sciences from all over the world.
The print version is distributed free to about 4000 members of Association of Otolaryngologists of India and the e-Journal shortly going to make its appearance on the Springer Board can be accessed by all the members.
Association of Otolaryngologists of India and M/s Springer India group have come together to co-publish IJOHNS from January 2007 and this bondage is going to provide an impetus to the Journal in terms of international presence and global exposure.
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