{"title":"乳房重建后两种剂量放疗的比较。","authors":"Kasia Bobrowski, Jonathon Lee","doi":"10.1007/s13246-025-01604-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immediate breast Reconstruction is increasing in use in Australia and accounts for almost 10% of breast cancer patients (Roder in Breast 22:1220-1225, 2013). Many treatments include a bolus to increase dose to the skin surface. Air gaps under bolus increase uncertainty in dosimetry and many bolus types are unable to conform to the shape of the breast or are not flexible throughout treatment if there is a swelling induced contour change. This study investigates the use of two bolus types that can be manufactured in house-wet combine and ThermoBolus. Wet combine is a material composed of several water soaked dressings. ThermoBolus is a product developed in-house that consists of thermoplastic encased in silicone. Plans using a volumetric arc therapy technique were created for each bolus and dosimetry performed with thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) and EBT-3 film over three fractions. Wax was used to simulate swelling and allow analysis of the flexibility of the bolus materials. ThermoBolus had a range of agreement with calculation from -2 to 4% for film measurement and -5.6 to 1.0% for TLDs. Wet combine had a range of agreement with calculation from 1.6 to 10.5% for film measurement and -13.5 to 13.1% for TLDs. It showed consistent conformity and flexibility for all fractions and with induced contour but air gaps of 2-3 mm were observed between layers of the material. ThermoBolus and wet combine are able to conform to contour change without the introduction of large air gaps between the patient surface and bolus. ThermoBolus is reusable and can be remoulded if the patient undergoes significant contour change during the course of treatment. It is able to be modelled accurately by the treatment planning system. Wet combine shows inconsistency in manufacture and requires more than one bolus to be made over the course of treatment, reducing accuracy in modelling and dosimetry.</p>","PeriodicalId":48490,"journal":{"name":"Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A comparison of two bolus types for radiotherapy following immediate breast reconstruction.\",\"authors\":\"Kasia Bobrowski, Jonathon Lee\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s13246-025-01604-3\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Immediate breast Reconstruction is increasing in use in Australia and accounts for almost 10% of breast cancer patients (Roder in Breast 22:1220-1225, 2013). Many treatments include a bolus to increase dose to the skin surface. Air gaps under bolus increase uncertainty in dosimetry and many bolus types are unable to conform to the shape of the breast or are not flexible throughout treatment if there is a swelling induced contour change. This study investigates the use of two bolus types that can be manufactured in house-wet combine and ThermoBolus. Wet combine is a material composed of several water soaked dressings. ThermoBolus is a product developed in-house that consists of thermoplastic encased in silicone. Plans using a volumetric arc therapy technique were created for each bolus and dosimetry performed with thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) and EBT-3 film over three fractions. Wax was used to simulate swelling and allow analysis of the flexibility of the bolus materials. ThermoBolus had a range of agreement with calculation from -2 to 4% for film measurement and -5.6 to 1.0% for TLDs. Wet combine had a range of agreement with calculation from 1.6 to 10.5% for film measurement and -13.5 to 13.1% for TLDs. It showed consistent conformity and flexibility for all fractions and with induced contour but air gaps of 2-3 mm were observed between layers of the material. ThermoBolus and wet combine are able to conform to contour change without the introduction of large air gaps between the patient surface and bolus. ThermoBolus is reusable and can be remoulded if the patient undergoes significant contour change during the course of treatment. It is able to be modelled accurately by the treatment planning system. Wet combine shows inconsistency in manufacture and requires more than one bolus to be made over the course of treatment, reducing accuracy in modelling and dosimetry.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":48490,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-28\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-025-01604-3\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-025-01604-3","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
在澳大利亚,立即乳房重建的使用越来越多,几乎占乳腺癌患者的10% (Roder in breast 22:20 -1225, 2013)。许多治疗方法包括给皮肤表面注射一剂以增加剂量。丸下的气隙增加了剂量测定的不确定性,如果有肿胀引起的轮廓改变,许多丸类型不能符合乳房的形状或在整个治疗过程中不灵活。本研究探讨了两种可在室内湿式联合收割机和ThermoBolus中生产的丸剂的使用情况。湿式混合料是由几种水浸泡过的敷料组成的材料。ThermoBolus是一种内部开发的产品,由硅树脂包裹的热塑性塑料组成。使用体积弧治疗技术为每个丸创建计划,并使用热释光探测器(TLDs)和EBT-3薄膜对三个组分进行剂量测定。蜡被用来模拟膨胀,并允许分析弹丸材料的柔韧性。ThermoBolus的计算范围与薄膜测量的-2至4%一致,与tld的- 5.6%至1.0%一致。湿式联合收割机的计算结果与薄膜测量结果的一致性范围为1.6 ~ 10.5%,与tld测量结果的一致性范围为-13.5 ~ 13.1%。它表现出一致的一致性和柔韧性,所有部分和诱导轮廓,但在材料层之间观察到2-3毫米的气隙。ThermoBolus和wet组合能够符合轮廓变化,而不会在患者表面和丸之间引入大的气隙。ThermoBolus是可重复使用的,如果患者在治疗过程中经历了显著的轮廓变化,可以重新塑造。它可以通过治疗计划系统精确地建模。湿联合剂在生产过程中表现出不一致性,并且在治疗过程中需要多次注射,从而降低了建模和剂量测定的准确性。
A comparison of two bolus types for radiotherapy following immediate breast reconstruction.
Immediate breast Reconstruction is increasing in use in Australia and accounts for almost 10% of breast cancer patients (Roder in Breast 22:1220-1225, 2013). Many treatments include a bolus to increase dose to the skin surface. Air gaps under bolus increase uncertainty in dosimetry and many bolus types are unable to conform to the shape of the breast or are not flexible throughout treatment if there is a swelling induced contour change. This study investigates the use of two bolus types that can be manufactured in house-wet combine and ThermoBolus. Wet combine is a material composed of several water soaked dressings. ThermoBolus is a product developed in-house that consists of thermoplastic encased in silicone. Plans using a volumetric arc therapy technique were created for each bolus and dosimetry performed with thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) and EBT-3 film over three fractions. Wax was used to simulate swelling and allow analysis of the flexibility of the bolus materials. ThermoBolus had a range of agreement with calculation from -2 to 4% for film measurement and -5.6 to 1.0% for TLDs. Wet combine had a range of agreement with calculation from 1.6 to 10.5% for film measurement and -13.5 to 13.1% for TLDs. It showed consistent conformity and flexibility for all fractions and with induced contour but air gaps of 2-3 mm were observed between layers of the material. ThermoBolus and wet combine are able to conform to contour change without the introduction of large air gaps between the patient surface and bolus. ThermoBolus is reusable and can be remoulded if the patient undergoes significant contour change during the course of treatment. It is able to be modelled accurately by the treatment planning system. Wet combine shows inconsistency in manufacture and requires more than one bolus to be made over the course of treatment, reducing accuracy in modelling and dosimetry.