James H. Cane , Byron G. Love , Skyler Burrows , Alexander Fortin , Kelsey K. Graham
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Pollination Needs and Diverse Bees of a Prospective Fuelbreak Wildflower, Curlycup Gumweed (Grindelia squarrosa)(Asteraceae)
The arid sagebrush steppe of the US Intermountain West is prone to immense and costly wildfires. To disrupt the continuity of flammable vegetation, regional public land managers have begun clearing linear fuelbreaks that are currently seeded to a wind-pollinated Asian forb, forage kochia. A native fire-resistant alternative, Grindelia squarrosa, merits seeding with kochia. It readily colonizes disturbed sites and offers a profusion of late-season flowers to native bees. Field experiments showed that bee visitation is essential for its pollination. Compared with geitonogamous selfing, outcrossing yielded fourfold more filled achenes that were twice as likely to germinate. Collectively, our 15 regional surveys of bees foraging at G. squarrosa flowers were diverse (23 bee genera from five families) and all native, but for honeybees. Most of these species and three-fourths of their surveyed individuals nest below ground, where their progeny are safe from the surface heat of fire. Because G. squarrosa is a biennial, annual pollination by wild bees will be needed to assure ample seed to perpetuate populations sown in fuelbreaks of the US sagebrush steppe. In turn, G. squarrosa offers both pollen and nectar over many weeks that native bees avidly collect and cache for their progeny, as well as feeding future queens of resident social species.
期刊介绍:
Rangeland Ecology & Management publishes all topics-including ecology, management, socioeconomic and policy-pertaining to global rangelands. The journal''s mission is to inform academics, ecosystem managers and policy makers of science-based information to promote sound rangeland stewardship. Author submissions are published in five manuscript categories: original research papers, high-profile forum topics, concept syntheses, as well as research and technical notes.
Rangelands represent approximately 50% of the Earth''s land area and provision multiple ecosystem services for large human populations. This expansive and diverse land area functions as coupled human-ecological systems. Knowledge of both social and biophysical system components and their interactions represent the foundation for informed rangeland stewardship. Rangeland Ecology & Management uniquely integrates information from multiple system components to address current and pending challenges confronting global rangelands.