Pre-relocation evaluation of the physical environment of a traditional care home before transitioning to a dementia village.

Background and objectives: The physical environment in long-term care homes is a critical component for providing quality care and support to residents with dementia. The first publicly funded "dementia village" model-inspired care home in Canada will offer a neighborhood environment for the residents. This study provides a baseline assessment of the physical environment's influence in a traditional dementia care unit before residents relocate to the new care village, as part of a pre and post transfer evaluation project.

Research design and methods: Multi-method evaluation approaches were used, including standardized physical environmental assessments, behavioral observations of residents and staff, and staff focus groups to generate findings for a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the role of the physical environment on residents' functioning and engagement in the selected care setting.

Results: The pre-relocation baseline evaluation in the existing care unit revealed challenges arising from the unit's physical design, space use, and care practices. Three themes emerged from observations and focus group findings: "Main Common Area: Managing Environmental Stimulation," "Corridor: Wayfinding and Mobility Autonomy," and "Lack of Engagement Opportunities."

Discussion and implications: The study provided evidence on how a large, institutional care setting can pose challenges to residents' well-being and staff practices. It also highlighted the interrelations among the physical environment, residents, and staff in both positive and negative aspects.