Balasubrahmanyam Budda, Ananya Mitra, Lovingly Park, Hua Long, Michael Kurnellas, Nga Bien-Ly, William Estacio, Brady Burgess, Grace Chao, Tina Schwabe, Robert Paul, Sara Kenkare-Mitra, Arnon Rosenthal
{"title":"AL101 （GSK4527226）是一种前蛋白升高单克隆抗体，可作为阿尔茨海默病的潜在治疗药物。","authors":"Balasubrahmanyam Budda, Ananya Mitra, Lovingly Park, Hua Long, Michael Kurnellas, Nga Bien-Ly, William Estacio, Brady Burgess, Grace Chao, Tina Schwabe, Robert Paul, Sara Kenkare-Mitra, Arnon Rosenthal","doi":"10.1186/s13195-025-01817-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid plaques, tau tangles, and neuronal loss. Progranulin (PGRN) is a secreted immune regulator, lysosomal chaperone, and neuronal survival factor. Genetic polymorphisms that reduce PGRN levels are associated with an increased risk for AD and other neurodegenerative disorders. The receptor sortilin binds and targets PGRN for lysosomal degradation, resulting in a reduction of extracellular PGRN. AL101 (GSK4527226) is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the sortilin receptor and is being developed as a potential PGRN-elevating therapy for AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cell-based in vitro studies examined the interaction of AL101 with sortilin and its effect on PGRN levels. In vivo studies evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of AL101 in rats and nonhuman primates. A phase 1 study in healthy volunteers assessed PK, safety, tolerability, and PD biomarkers after intravenous or subcutaneous dosing of AL101.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cell-based assays showed that AL101 increased PGRN levels by decreasing cell surface sortilin levels and partially blocking the sortilin-PGRN interaction. Preclinical studies in rats and monkeys demonstrated that AL101 decreased cell surface sortilin levels on white blood cells and increased PGRN levels by up to 2-fold in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and up to 4-fold in blood. In the phase 1 study in healthy volunteers, both single and multiple doses of AL101 led to significant increases in plasma and CSF PGRN levels, providing additional support for its potential as a PGRN-elevating therapy.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The first-in-human dose-finding study was aimed at investigating the safety and tolerability of AL101 and was not sufficiently powered to detect changes in exploratory outcomes, such as neurodegeneration biomarkers. Clinical studies are needed to evaluate AL101 in AD patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AL101 was shown to bind sortilin and decrease cell surface sortilin levels, leading to consistent elevations of PGRN across in vitro, preclinical, and human studies. These results support continued development of AL101 and its investigation as a potential treatment for AD and other neurodegenerative conditions where PGRN could play a role.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04111666. Registered on October 1, 2019. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04111666 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7516,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer's Research & Therapy","volume":"17 1","pages":"174"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12291526/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Development of AL101 (GSK4527226), a progranulin-elevating monoclonal antibody, as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease.\",\"authors\":\"Balasubrahmanyam Budda, Ananya Mitra, Lovingly Park, Hua Long, Michael Kurnellas, Nga Bien-Ly, William Estacio, Brady Burgess, Grace Chao, Tina Schwabe, Robert Paul, Sara Kenkare-Mitra, Arnon Rosenthal\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s13195-025-01817-4\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid plaques, tau tangles, and neuronal loss. Progranulin (PGRN) is a secreted immune regulator, lysosomal chaperone, and neuronal survival factor. Genetic polymorphisms that reduce PGRN levels are associated with an increased risk for AD and other neurodegenerative disorders. The receptor sortilin binds and targets PGRN for lysosomal degradation, resulting in a reduction of extracellular PGRN. AL101 (GSK4527226) is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the sortilin receptor and is being developed as a potential PGRN-elevating therapy for AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cell-based in vitro studies examined the interaction of AL101 with sortilin and its effect on PGRN levels. In vivo studies evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of AL101 in rats and nonhuman primates. A phase 1 study in healthy volunteers assessed PK, safety, tolerability, and PD biomarkers after intravenous or subcutaneous dosing of AL101.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cell-based assays showed that AL101 increased PGRN levels by decreasing cell surface sortilin levels and partially blocking the sortilin-PGRN interaction. Preclinical studies in rats and monkeys demonstrated that AL101 decreased cell surface sortilin levels on white blood cells and increased PGRN levels by up to 2-fold in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and up to 4-fold in blood. In the phase 1 study in healthy volunteers, both single and multiple doses of AL101 led to significant increases in plasma and CSF PGRN levels, providing additional support for its potential as a PGRN-elevating therapy.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The first-in-human dose-finding study was aimed at investigating the safety and tolerability of AL101 and was not sufficiently powered to detect changes in exploratory outcomes, such as neurodegeneration biomarkers. Clinical studies are needed to evaluate AL101 in AD patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AL101 was shown to bind sortilin and decrease cell surface sortilin levels, leading to consistent elevations of PGRN across in vitro, preclinical, and human studies. These results support continued development of AL101 and its investigation as a potential treatment for AD and other neurodegenerative conditions where PGRN could play a role.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04111666. 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Development of AL101 (GSK4527226), a progranulin-elevating monoclonal antibody, as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid plaques, tau tangles, and neuronal loss. Progranulin (PGRN) is a secreted immune regulator, lysosomal chaperone, and neuronal survival factor. Genetic polymorphisms that reduce PGRN levels are associated with an increased risk for AD and other neurodegenerative disorders. The receptor sortilin binds and targets PGRN for lysosomal degradation, resulting in a reduction of extracellular PGRN. AL101 (GSK4527226) is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the sortilin receptor and is being developed as a potential PGRN-elevating therapy for AD.
Methods: Cell-based in vitro studies examined the interaction of AL101 with sortilin and its effect on PGRN levels. In vivo studies evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of AL101 in rats and nonhuman primates. A phase 1 study in healthy volunteers assessed PK, safety, tolerability, and PD biomarkers after intravenous or subcutaneous dosing of AL101.
Results: Cell-based assays showed that AL101 increased PGRN levels by decreasing cell surface sortilin levels and partially blocking the sortilin-PGRN interaction. Preclinical studies in rats and monkeys demonstrated that AL101 decreased cell surface sortilin levels on white blood cells and increased PGRN levels by up to 2-fold in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and up to 4-fold in blood. In the phase 1 study in healthy volunteers, both single and multiple doses of AL101 led to significant increases in plasma and CSF PGRN levels, providing additional support for its potential as a PGRN-elevating therapy.
Limitations: The first-in-human dose-finding study was aimed at investigating the safety and tolerability of AL101 and was not sufficiently powered to detect changes in exploratory outcomes, such as neurodegeneration biomarkers. Clinical studies are needed to evaluate AL101 in AD patients.
Conclusions: AL101 was shown to bind sortilin and decrease cell surface sortilin levels, leading to consistent elevations of PGRN across in vitro, preclinical, and human studies. These results support continued development of AL101 and its investigation as a potential treatment for AD and other neurodegenerative conditions where PGRN could play a role.
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04111666. Registered on October 1, 2019. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04111666 .
期刊介绍：
Alzheimer's Research & Therapy is an international peer-reviewed journal that focuses on translational research into Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. It publishes open-access basic research, clinical trials, drug discovery and development studies, and epidemiologic studies. The journal also includes reviews, viewpoints, commentaries, debates, and reports. All articles published in Alzheimer's Research & Therapy are included in several reputable databases such as CAS, Current contents, DOAJ, Embase, Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition, MEDLINE, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science) and Scopus.
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