Irradiation-induced modifications in the thermoelectric performance of tellurides: A comprehensive review

Thermal management and the energy crisis have been two major concerns in the 21^st century. The thermoelectric concept is viewed as an ideal answer to both concerns. This review discusses tellurium (Te)-based thermoelectric materials that demonstrate good thermoelectric performance. Every material must be changed at the microstructural level to increase its electrical and thermal transport capabilities. This article analyzes the contribution of various changes in the atomic arrangement and defects in the material which enhances the thermoelectric performance after irradiation. It provides a comprehensive review of Te-based materials as thermoelectric materials with the effect of irradiation using charged/uncharged particles and appropriate energy beams. It addresses the elements and aspects that underpin the overall idea of material-radiation interaction. It explains the beam interaction of ion, electron, neutron, and gamma irradiation and shows how Te-based thermoelectric materials modify their optical, electrical, and structural behavior. This article clearly illustrates how variations at the atomic level in Te-based materials affect the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and, eventually, the Figure of merit (ZT) of these thermoelectrics.