Health Effects of Social Participation for Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

This study utilized data from the 2011–2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) to explore the effects of various types and frequencies of social activities on the health outcomes of middle-aged and elderly adults. A total of 5800 participants aged 45–80 years at baseline were included in the analysis. The results indicated that participating in activities such as playing mahjong, chess, and cards was notably linked to enhanced physical health for both genders. However, this correlation was only statistically significant for psychological and cognitive health among men. Conversely, regular involvement in dancing, practicing qigong, and performing other exercises in the park was significantly associated with improved physical and psychological health exclusively among women. No significant disparities were observed in the effects of socializing with friends on the health of both genders. These findings underscore the significance of acknowledging gender differences and the specific characteristics of social activities when devising interventions aimed at fostering healthy aging.