Occupational influences on dietary quality among postpartum women: a cross-sectional study in Beijing, China

Objective

Postpartum nutrition plays a critical role in maternal recovery and long-term health. However, the nutritional status of working mothers in the postpartum period remains understudied. This study aimed to assess the dietary quality of postpartum women in urban Beijing, identify occupational-related factors influencing their diet, and explore potential interventions to improve maternal nutrition during the postpartum period.

Methods

In this cross-sectional analysis, 554 women one year after delivery were recruited from ten community health centers. Sociodemographic, occupational and postpartum care variables were collected via questionnaire. Dietary intake over the preceding year was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The modified dietary balance index for postpartum women were used for dietary quality assessment.

Results

The study revealed severe dietary imbalances among postpartum women, characterized by excessive consumption of cereals, eggs, and meats, while their intake of vegetables, fruits, and dairy products was inadequate. According to dietary balance index for postpartum women, 66.25 % of mothers showed varying degrees of excessive intake. 45.31 % of mothers experienced varying levels of insufficient intake, with only 19.86 % of participants having a relatively balanced diet. Occupational differences were observed, with women in the commercial employment group showing higher levels of excessive food intake. The analysis of influencing factors showed that family monthly income, maternity leave, and postpartum care significantly affected the dietary quality.

Conclusions

Postpartum women in Beijing experience widespread dietary imbalances, with both excesses and deficiencies. Occupational context and related factors significantly shape diet quality. These findings highlight the need for targeted nutritional interventions tailored to the specific challenges of different occupational groups.