Intelligence artificielle en oncologie radiothérapie : réinventer la formation et préserver l’esprit critique

The growing integration of artificial intelligence is profoundly transforming radiation oncology, particularly through the automation of tasks such as target volume delineation. While artificial intelligence holds the promise of enhancing treatment efficiency and accuracy, it also raises significant ethical and educational concerns: How can we preserve core clinical skills? How can we transmit expertise that is now less frequently practiced? How can we ensure truly informed patient consent in the face of automated systems? And finally, how should we use the time freed up by automation? To address these challenges, medical training must increasingly incorporate critical thinking and algorithmic literacy. The caregiver–patient relationship must remain central, with medical decisions remaining under human responsibility. Artificial intelligence should thus remain a tool in the hands of physicians, not a substitute for clinical judgment. Ethical reflection must accompany every step of artificial intelligence implementation, ensuring its integration is thoughtful, responsible, and human-centred.