A review of cytogenetic and molecular features in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for approximately 18 % of pediatric leukemia. While the outcome has improved steadily over the years, various challenges remain pertinent, including a relapse rate of approximately 30 %. The evaluation of cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities is important for the diagnosis and treatment of AML in the modern era. However, there are key differences between pediatric and adult AML that are important to recognise due to their practical implications for patient management. In this review, we discuss the cytogenetic and molecular features of pediatric AML and their relevance to the diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of the condition.