Zahir Shah, Arshad Iqbal, Syed Lal Badshah, Mushtaq Ahmad Mir, Saima Sohni, Hammad Ullah, Shahid Ali Shah, Nasreena Bashir, Muhammad Ayaz, Maria Daglia
{"title":"大藻多糖通过Nrf-2/TLR4/NF-kB通路减轻东莨菪碱诱导的氧化应激和炎症，促进大脑健康","authors":"Zahir Shah, Arshad Iqbal, Syed Lal Badshah, Mushtaq Ahmad Mir, Saima Sohni, Hammad Ullah, Shahid Ali Shah, Nasreena Bashir, Muhammad Ayaz, Maria Daglia","doi":"10.1007/s11481-025-10230-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder commonly associated with memory loss and difficulties in performing daily activities, particularly in the aging brain.</p><p><strong>Purpose of the study: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of macroalgae-derived polysaccharides from seaweed against scopolamine-induced amnesia, oxidative stress, and amyloid plaque (Aβ) production in rodents, following standard experimental protocols.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three novel polysaccharides were extracted from Chara vulgaris, Cladophora glomerata, and Spirogyra crassa, namely: methylated pectin-type polysaccharides (PS1), methylated pectin-type polysaccharides (homo galacturonan and rhamno galacturonan, PS2), Ulvan-type polysaccharide, and xyloglucan polysaccharides (PS3). These polysaccharides were characterized using a variety of analytical techniques, including SEM, FTIR, XRD, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, and <sup>13</sup>C-NMR. The polysaccharides were administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg to male albino mice exposed to scopolamine (1 mg/kg) for three weeks. To assess their neuroprotective effects, Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Y-maze tests, antioxidant enzyme assays (Catalase, GSH, LPO), and western blotting were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that all three polysaccharides significantly (p ≤ 0.001) mitigated redox imbalance and reduced (p ≤ 0.001) microglial activation, thereby decreasing scopolamine-induced neuroinflammation and amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation. Additionally, these polysaccharides improved neuronal synapses and cognitive function by modulating the NRf-2/TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>The data analysis and graph generation were performed using GraphPad Prism software, version 5.0, with a significance level set at a p-value of < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlighted the potential of these three novel natural polysaccharides as promising candidates for the treatment of scopolamine-induced oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":73858,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology","volume":"20 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Macroalgae Polysaccharides Enhance Brain Health by Mitigating Scopolamine-induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Via Nrf-2/TLR4/NF-kB Pathways.\",\"authors\":\"Zahir Shah, Arshad Iqbal, Syed Lal Badshah, Mushtaq Ahmad Mir, Saima Sohni, Hammad Ullah, Shahid Ali Shah, Nasreena Bashir, Muhammad Ayaz, Maria Daglia\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11481-025-10230-5\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder commonly associated with memory loss and difficulties in performing daily activities, particularly in the aging brain.</p><p><strong>Purpose of the study: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of macroalgae-derived polysaccharides from seaweed against scopolamine-induced amnesia, oxidative stress, and amyloid plaque (Aβ) production in rodents, following standard experimental protocols.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three novel polysaccharides were extracted from Chara vulgaris, Cladophora glomerata, and Spirogyra crassa, namely: methylated pectin-type polysaccharides (PS1), methylated pectin-type polysaccharides (homo galacturonan and rhamno galacturonan, PS2), Ulvan-type polysaccharide, and xyloglucan polysaccharides (PS3). These polysaccharides were characterized using a variety of analytical techniques, including SEM, FTIR, XRD, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, and <sup>13</sup>C-NMR. The polysaccharides were administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg to male albino mice exposed to scopolamine (1 mg/kg) for three weeks. To assess their neuroprotective effects, Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Y-maze tests, antioxidant enzyme assays (Catalase, GSH, LPO), and western blotting were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that all three polysaccharides significantly (p ≤ 0.001) mitigated redox imbalance and reduced (p ≤ 0.001) microglial activation, thereby decreasing scopolamine-induced neuroinflammation and amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation. Additionally, these polysaccharides improved neuronal synapses and cognitive function by modulating the NRf-2/TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>The data analysis and graph generation were performed using GraphPad Prism software, version 5.0, with a significance level set at a p-value of < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlighted the potential of these three novel natural polysaccharides as promising candidates for the treatment of scopolamine-induced oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":73858,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology\",\"volume\":\"20 1\",\"pages\":\"74\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-025-10230-5\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-025-10230-5","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Macroalgae Polysaccharides Enhance Brain Health by Mitigating Scopolamine-induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Via Nrf-2/TLR4/NF-kB Pathways.
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder commonly associated with memory loss and difficulties in performing daily activities, particularly in the aging brain.
Purpose of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of macroalgae-derived polysaccharides from seaweed against scopolamine-induced amnesia, oxidative stress, and amyloid plaque (Aβ) production in rodents, following standard experimental protocols.
Methods: Three novel polysaccharides were extracted from Chara vulgaris, Cladophora glomerata, and Spirogyra crassa, namely: methylated pectin-type polysaccharides (PS1), methylated pectin-type polysaccharides (homo galacturonan and rhamno galacturonan, PS2), Ulvan-type polysaccharide, and xyloglucan polysaccharides (PS3). These polysaccharides were characterized using a variety of analytical techniques, including SEM, FTIR, XRD, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. The polysaccharides were administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg to male albino mice exposed to scopolamine (1 mg/kg) for three weeks. To assess their neuroprotective effects, Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Y-maze tests, antioxidant enzyme assays (Catalase, GSH, LPO), and western blotting were performed.
Results: The results showed that all three polysaccharides significantly (p ≤ 0.001) mitigated redox imbalance and reduced (p ≤ 0.001) microglial activation, thereby decreasing scopolamine-induced neuroinflammation and amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation. Additionally, these polysaccharides improved neuronal synapses and cognitive function by modulating the NRf-2/TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway.
Data analysis: The data analysis and graph generation were performed using GraphPad Prism software, version 5.0, with a significance level set at a p-value of < 0.05.
Conclusion: The findings highlighted the potential of these three novel natural polysaccharides as promising candidates for the treatment of scopolamine-induced oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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