Precision Medicine in Surgery: Immunomodulation and Cellular Regeneration Strategies for Immunologic and Surgical Diseases.

OBJECTIVE This article presents a methodological framework for studying the effects of lacritin peptide on β-cell proliferation, islet viability, and immune modulation using a combination of in vitro and in vivo models. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Immunological and inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune disorders and organ-specific injuries, present significant therapeutic challenges owing to persistent inflammation and limited tissue regeneration. Therapies that combine immunomodulation and cellular regeneration may address this need in conditions such as Crohn's disease, heart failure, pulmonary fibrosis, chronic kidney disease, and neurological injuries. 'Lacritin' displays both immunomodulatory and regenerative activities, and is significantly deficient in T1 diabetics. METHODS Pancreatic islet in-vitro testing, mass cytometry (CyTOF), imaging mass cytometry (IMC), and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to assess immune cell interactions. Additionally, in-vivo transplantation of lacritin peptide treated islets into diabetic mouse recipients and immunological studies in the Nonobese Diabetic (NOD) mouse model support the pre-clinical evaluation of lacritin in its therapeutic potential. RESULTS In this article, we discuss the increasing need for precision medicine for immunological and surgical diseases. Within our experimental framework, we generate valuable insights into immune cell behavior, tissue architecture, and regenerative dynamics with lacritin intervention at the pre-clinical stage. CONCLUSION Through this study, we aimed to facilitate further investigations into future precision medicine strategies, including lacritin peptide and other peptide-based therapeutics for immunologic and surgical diseases.