Balloon dilation therapy for managing anastomotic strictures subsequent to surgical correction of esophageal atresia.

Background: Anastomotic strictures (AS) following surgical repair of esophageal atresia (EA) are the most common cause of pediatric esophageal strictures. In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of balloon dilation in the treatment of AS following EA repair.

Methods: Balloon dilation was performed on 31 children with AS following EA repair (the diameter of the balloon ranged from 6-15 mm). Esophagography was conducted before and after each dilation. Change from liquid diets to solid food, alleviation of vomiting, and significant weight gain during the 3 to 6 months of follow-up after balloon dilation constituted an effective treatment. The Chi-squared test was used for data analysis in this retrospective cohort study.

Results: A total of 86 balloon dilations were performed on 31 children, with 78 being successful, resulting in a success rate of 90.7%. In addition, 13 children underwent balloon dilations assisted by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Four children developed restenosis, and one child suffered from esophageal perforation after the initial dilation. At the 3- to 6-month follow-up, the treatment was efficacious in 26 children, with an overall effectiveness rate of 84%.

Conclusions: Balloon dilation is a safe and efficacious treatment option for the treatment of AS following surgical repair of EA.