P2X7R在小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞中的多面作用。

IF 3.8 3区 医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Martina Bedetta, Paola Pizzo, Annamaria Lia
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引用次数: 0

摘要

嘌呤能P2X7受体(P2X7R)是一种独特的ATP门控离子通道,需要异常高浓度的细胞外ATP (eATP)才能激活,使其成为中枢神经系统细胞应激和损伤的传感器。本文综述了P2X7R在胶质细胞中的表达和功能,特别关注小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞。我们首先概述了P2X7R的分子特征及其在脑细胞类型中的分布。在小胶质细胞中,P2X7R调节广泛的过程,包括吞噬、自噬、增殖和最终的细胞死亡,强调其在神经保护和神经毒性中的双重作用。在星形胶质细胞中,P2X7R参与胶质传递和炎症信号传导,影响神经元的兴奋性和突触功能。我们进一步探讨了P2X7R在阿尔茨海默病和癫痫中的作用,其中eap -P2X7R信号轴失调会加剧神经炎症和神经胶质功能障碍。了解P2X7R在生理和病理中的细胞特异性作用,为神经胶质生物学提供了新的见解,并突出了其作为脑疾病治疗靶点的潜力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

The Multifaceted Role of P2X7R in Microglia and Astrocytes

The Multifaceted Role of P2X7R in Microglia and Astrocytes

The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a unique ATP-gated ion channel that requires unusually high concentrations of extracellular ATP (eATP) for activation, making it a sensor of cellular stress and injury in the central nervous system. This review provides a comprehensive overview of P2X7R expression and function in glial cells, with a particular focus on microglia and astrocytes. We first outline the molecular characteristics of P2X7R and its distribution in brain cell types. In microglia, P2X7R regulates a broad spectrum of processes, including phagocytosis, autophagy, proliferation, and ultimately cell death, underscoring its dual role in neuroprotection and neurotoxicity. In astrocytes, P2X7R contributes to gliotransmission and inflammatory signaling, influencing neuronal excitability and synaptic function. We further explore the role of P2X7R in the context of both Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy, where a dysregulated eATP-P2X7R signaling axis exacerbates neuroinflammation and glial dysfunction. Understanding the cell-specific roles of P2X7R in physiology and pathology provides new insights into glial biology and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target in brain diseases.

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来源期刊
Neurochemical Research
Neurochemical Research 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
2.30%
发文量
320
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Neurochemical Research is devoted to the rapid publication of studies that use neurochemical methodology in research on nervous system structure and function. The journal publishes original reports of experimental and clinical research results, perceptive reviews of significant problem areas in the neurosciences, brief comments of a methodological or interpretive nature, and research summaries conducted by leading scientists whose works are not readily available in English.
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