Alex A. Fernández-Andrade , John A. Vergara , Daviel Gómez , Daniela González-Vera , Cristian H. Campos , Joan M. Rodríguez-Díaz , Luis E. Arteaga-Pérez
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Exploring the bifunctional role of Pd/ZrO2-TiO2 in the production of secondary amines via reductive amination of furfural
Environmental concerns and the pressing need for sustainable technologies have increased the interest in furfural (FUR) amination as an environmentally friendly alternative to current petroleum-based amination processes. Here we systematically investigate the bifunctional effect of Pd/ZrO2-TiO2 for the one-pot reductive amination of FUR with aniline (ANI) using H2 as the reducing agent. The structural characterization of Pd/ZrO2-TiO2 indicated Ti atom substitutions by Zr, highly dispersed Zr sites, and modulated acidity. The Pd/ZrO2-TiO2 catalyst was active and stable for converting FUR into N-furfurylaniline (FFA) following a sequential reaction map, involving the formation of an intermediate imine (IME), with subsequent hydrogenation. The water formed in the first reaction step does not interfere in the reaction performance as confirmed by FTIR-ATR in situ measurements. Finally, the effectiveness of the catalyst was explained by the presence of acid sites which enhance CO and N = H activation, with subsequent hydrogenation promoted by Pd0 sites.
期刊介绍:
Applied Catalysis A: General publishes original papers on all aspects of catalysis of basic and practical interest to chemical scientists in both industrial and academic fields, with an emphasis onnew understanding of catalysts and catalytic reactions, new catalytic materials, new techniques, and new processes, especially those that have potential practical implications.
Papers that report results of a thorough study or optimization of systems or processes that are well understood, widely studied, or minor variations of known ones are discouraged. Authors should include statements in a separate section "Justification for Publication" of how the manuscript fits the scope of the journal in the cover letter to the editors. Submissions without such justification will be rejected without review.