Pei Lin, Yunfan Lin, Xu Chen, Xinyuan Zhao, Li Cui
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Finally, we discuss the translational potential of these approaches and the remaining challenges, including tumour heterogeneity, immunotoxicity and dynamic regulation within the tumour microenvironment, that must be addressed to optimize MHC-targeted interventions in cancer immunotherapy.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Highlights</h3>\n \n <div>\n <ul>\n \n <li>\n <p>Tumour cells evade immune surveillance by downregulating MHC expression through transcriptional repression, lysosomal degradation and post-translational modifications.</p>\n </li>\n \n <li>\n <p>Pharmacological agents interventing epigenetic and metabolic can upregulate MHC expression and improve T cell activation.</p>\n </li>\n \n <li>\n <p>Combination strategies potentiate immunotherapy efficacy by reinvigorating tumour immunogenicity.</p>\n </li>\n </ul>\n </div>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":10189,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Translational Medicine","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctm2.70403","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Decoding MHC loss: Molecular mechanisms and implications for immune resistance in cancer\",\"authors\":\"Pei Lin, Yunfan Lin, Xu Chen, Xinyuan Zhao, Li Cui\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/ctm2.70403\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <p>Loss or downregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules represents a key mechanism by which tumours escape immune recognition and acquire resistance to immunotherapeutic interventions. This review focuses on the central regulatory pathways. These includes transcriptional repression, lysosomal degradation, and post-translational modifications that disrupt MHC stability, trafficking, and surface expression. We highlight how these mechanisms impair antigen presentation and contribute to tumour immune evasion. In addition, we explore emerging therapeutic strategies focused on reactivating MHC expression to enhance tumour immunogenicity and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the translational potential of these approaches and the remaining challenges, including tumour heterogeneity, immunotoxicity and dynamic regulation within the tumour microenvironment, that must be addressed to optimize MHC-targeted interventions in cancer immunotherapy.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Highlights</h3>\\n \\n <div>\\n <ul>\\n \\n <li>\\n <p>Tumour cells evade immune surveillance by downregulating MHC expression through transcriptional repression, lysosomal degradation and post-translational modifications.</p>\\n </li>\\n \\n <li>\\n <p>Pharmacological agents interventing epigenetic and metabolic can upregulate MHC expression and improve T cell activation.</p>\\n </li>\\n \\n <li>\\n <p>Combination strategies potentiate immunotherapy efficacy by reinvigorating tumour immunogenicity.</p>\\n </li>\\n </ul>\\n </div>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":10189,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Clinical and Translational Medicine\",\"volume\":\"15 7\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ctm2.70403\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Clinical and Translational Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ctm2.70403\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical and Translational Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ctm2.70403","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Decoding MHC loss: Molecular mechanisms and implications for immune resistance in cancer
Loss or downregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules represents a key mechanism by which tumours escape immune recognition and acquire resistance to immunotherapeutic interventions. This review focuses on the central regulatory pathways. These includes transcriptional repression, lysosomal degradation, and post-translational modifications that disrupt MHC stability, trafficking, and surface expression. We highlight how these mechanisms impair antigen presentation and contribute to tumour immune evasion. In addition, we explore emerging therapeutic strategies focused on reactivating MHC expression to enhance tumour immunogenicity and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the translational potential of these approaches and the remaining challenges, including tumour heterogeneity, immunotoxicity and dynamic regulation within the tumour microenvironment, that must be addressed to optimize MHC-targeted interventions in cancer immunotherapy.
Highlights
Tumour cells evade immune surveillance by downregulating MHC expression through transcriptional repression, lysosomal degradation and post-translational modifications.
Pharmacological agents interventing epigenetic and metabolic can upregulate MHC expression and improve T cell activation.
Combination strategies potentiate immunotherapy efficacy by reinvigorating tumour immunogenicity.
期刊介绍：
Clinical and Translational Medicine (CTM) is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to accelerating the translation of preclinical research into clinical applications and fostering communication between basic and clinical scientists. It highlights the clinical potential and application of various fields including biotechnologies, biomaterials, bioengineering, biomarkers, molecular medicine, omics science, bioinformatics, immunology, molecular imaging, drug discovery, regulation, and health policy. With a focus on the bench-to-bedside approach, CTM prioritizes studies and clinical observations that generate hypotheses relevant to patients and diseases, guiding investigations in cellular and molecular medicine. The journal encourages submissions from clinicians, researchers, policymakers, and industry professionals.
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