{"title":"冠状病毒和BNT162b2疫苗不同强化策略后免疫球蛋白G和干扰素γ的定量应答","authors":"Aylin İrem Ocaklı, Şeyma Aybüke Özyar-Kurtçu, Mertcan Uzun, Merve Kaşıkçı-Çavdar, Gülçin Telli-Dizman, Gökhan Metan, Murat Akova, Zeynep Sarıbaş, Burçin Şener","doi":"10.36519/idcm.2025.546","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The global effort to combat the COVID-19 pandemic requires a comprehensive assessment of vaccine efficacy, including both humoral and cellular immune responses. This study aimed to determine the effects of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 booster doses on quantitative immunoglobulin G (IgG) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) responses of individuals primed with two doses of CoronaVac in Türkiye.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included participants aged 18-59 years, without comorbidities, who were not under drug therapy and had no clinical history of COVID-19 and primed with CoronaVac. Participants were divided into three groups: Group 1 received a single CoronaVac booster, Group 2 received a single BNT162b2 booster, and Group 3 received two BNT162b2 boosters. Humoral immunity was assessed by the determination of IgG levels against the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of SARS-CoV-2, and cellular immunity was assessed by the IFN-γ release assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 48 participants. When the 6-12-month post-vaccination period was considered, the lowest quantitative IgG levels were detected in Group 1. Higher IgG levels were detected in Group 2 and Group 3, with Group 3 revealing the highest levels for both IgG and IFN-γ responses. Although the differences between the IFN-γ levels among the three groups were not statistically significant, the individuals boosted with the BNT162b2 demonstrated two- and three-fold higher levels compared to the homologous boosted individuals. The median IgG and IFN-γ values were significantly higher in the younger participants compared to the older participants in Group 3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings revealed that although homologous and heterologous boosting in inactivated vaccine-primed individuals provided effective humoral and cellular immunity, boosting with two doses of BNT162b2 should be prioritized since it exhibited a positive impact on both humoral and cellular immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":519881,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology","volume":"7 2","pages":"156-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255310/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Quantitative Immunoglobulin G and Interferon-Gamma Responses After Different Booster Strategies of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 Vaccines in Türkiye.\",\"authors\":\"Aylin İrem Ocaklı, Şeyma Aybüke Özyar-Kurtçu, Mertcan Uzun, Merve Kaşıkçı-Çavdar, Gülçin Telli-Dizman, Gökhan Metan, Murat Akova, Zeynep Sarıbaş, Burçin Şener\",\"doi\":\"10.36519/idcm.2025.546\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The global effort to combat the COVID-19 pandemic requires a comprehensive assessment of vaccine efficacy, including both humoral and cellular immune responses. This study aimed to determine the effects of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 booster doses on quantitative immunoglobulin G (IgG) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) responses of individuals primed with two doses of CoronaVac in Türkiye.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included participants aged 18-59 years, without comorbidities, who were not under drug therapy and had no clinical history of COVID-19 and primed with CoronaVac. Participants were divided into three groups: Group 1 received a single CoronaVac booster, Group 2 received a single BNT162b2 booster, and Group 3 received two BNT162b2 boosters. Humoral immunity was assessed by the determination of IgG levels against the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of SARS-CoV-2, and cellular immunity was assessed by the IFN-γ release assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 48 participants. When the 6-12-month post-vaccination period was considered, the lowest quantitative IgG levels were detected in Group 1. Higher IgG levels were detected in Group 2 and Group 3, with Group 3 revealing the highest levels for both IgG and IFN-γ responses. Although the differences between the IFN-γ levels among the three groups were not statistically significant, the individuals boosted with the BNT162b2 demonstrated two- and three-fold higher levels compared to the homologous boosted individuals. The median IgG and IFN-γ values were significantly higher in the younger participants compared to the older participants in Group 3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings revealed that although homologous and heterologous boosting in inactivated vaccine-primed individuals provided effective humoral and cellular immunity, boosting with two doses of BNT162b2 should be prioritized since it exhibited a positive impact on both humoral and cellular immunity.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":519881,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology\",\"volume\":\"7 2\",\"pages\":\"156-165\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-26\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255310/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.36519/idcm.2025.546\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/6/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.36519/idcm.2025.546","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/6/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantitative Immunoglobulin G and Interferon-Gamma Responses After Different Booster Strategies of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 Vaccines in Türkiye.
Objective: The global effort to combat the COVID-19 pandemic requires a comprehensive assessment of vaccine efficacy, including both humoral and cellular immune responses. This study aimed to determine the effects of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 booster doses on quantitative immunoglobulin G (IgG) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) responses of individuals primed with two doses of CoronaVac in Türkiye.
Materials and methods: This prospective cohort study included participants aged 18-59 years, without comorbidities, who were not under drug therapy and had no clinical history of COVID-19 and primed with CoronaVac. Participants were divided into three groups: Group 1 received a single CoronaVac booster, Group 2 received a single BNT162b2 booster, and Group 3 received two BNT162b2 boosters. Humoral immunity was assessed by the determination of IgG levels against the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of SARS-CoV-2, and cellular immunity was assessed by the IFN-γ release assay.
Results: The study included 48 participants. When the 6-12-month post-vaccination period was considered, the lowest quantitative IgG levels were detected in Group 1. Higher IgG levels were detected in Group 2 and Group 3, with Group 3 revealing the highest levels for both IgG and IFN-γ responses. Although the differences between the IFN-γ levels among the three groups were not statistically significant, the individuals boosted with the BNT162b2 demonstrated two- and three-fold higher levels compared to the homologous boosted individuals. The median IgG and IFN-γ values were significantly higher in the younger participants compared to the older participants in Group 3.
Conclusion: Our findings revealed that although homologous and heterologous boosting in inactivated vaccine-primed individuals provided effective humoral and cellular immunity, boosting with two doses of BNT162b2 should be prioritized since it exhibited a positive impact on both humoral and cellular immunity.
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