The magnitude and risk factors of intimate partner violence during pregnancy in rural Tanzanian communities: an analytical cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of intimate partner violence during pregnancy in rural Tanzania.

Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 360 randomly selected postnatal mothers in rural Tanzania between March and April 2024 to determine the prevalence and risk factors of intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Data were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 to identify risk factors. Statistical significance was assessed at a 95% confidence interval (CI), with associations reported as Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR).

Results: During pregnancy, 70.3% of women experienced at least one form of violence, with 45.6% suffering from two or more forms. Overall, 112 postnatal mothers (31.1%, 95% CI=26.4%-36.2%) experienced intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Significant factors included the health facility attended; Kondoa (AOR=0.262, P=0.017), Mpwapwa (AOR=0.197, P=0.001), Manyoni (AOR=0.086, P<0.001), and Sokoine (AOR=0.122, P<0.001) compared to Makole Health Center; rural residence (AOR=3.653, P=0.001), woman's autonomy in choosing partner (AOR=2.757, P=0.046); dowry payment (AOR=2.809, P=0.013); male partner's alcohol use (AOR=2.125, P=0.025), and a history of abortion (AOR=2.910, P=0.005).

Conclusion: A high proportion of women experienced intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Residing in rural areas, autonomy in partner selection, bride price payment, male partner alcohol use, prior experience of abortion exacerbated the prevalence. The study advocates for widespread educational campaigns to raise awareness about the detrimental impact of intimate partner violence, especially during the vulnerable period of pregnancy.